Amy B. Solomon
CIRES/University of Colorado and ESRL/NOAA
325 Broadway
Boulder, CO 80309-0216
Voice: (303) 497-4398
FAX: (303) 497-7013
E-mail: amy.solomon@noaa.gov

Education
Research Interests
- Cloud microphysical, radiative, and dynamical properties and processes; cloud interactions with
boundary layer and surface; Short-term Arctic forecasting; Arctic meteorology and climate.
Professional Experience
NOAA ESRL Physical Sciences Laboratory and
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
Senior Research Scientist, May 2019 - Present
Research Scientist III, May 2009 - April 2019
Research Scientist II, May 2002 - April 2009
International Pacific Research Center,
University of Hawai'i at Manoa
Visiting Scientist, February 2004, February 2006
Assistant Research Scientist, February 1998 - May 2002
Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Research Assistant, September 1991 - October 1997
Climate Analysis Section,Climate and Global Dynamics Division,
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Visiting Scientist, July-September 1992, July-September 1994, August-October 1995
Scientific Applications Programmer, September 1989 - August 1991
Teaching and Mentoring
- Lecturer, Frozen in the Ice: Exploring the Arctic-- A MOSAiC MOOC (2020)
- Instructor, NCAR Polar Early-Career Scientists Workshop (2018)
- Instructor, University of Colorado ATOC 6020: Seminar on Polar Climate (Fall 2014,2015,2017)
- Instructor, Illisagvik Tribal College STEM camp, Barrow, Alaska (Summer 2013)
- Instructor, Earth Explorers, Trail Ridge Middle School, Longmont Colorado (2012)
- Science Mentor, NOAA Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research and Science (SOARS) (2015-)
- Science Mentor, NOAA HIRO program (Fall 2011)
- Science Mentor, NOAA Hollings Scholar (2009,2019)
Field Experience
- Forecast lead for the NASA Arctic Radiation-Cloud-Aerosol-Surface-Interaction Experiment
(ARCSIX) (2023-2027)
- International lead to organize forecast guidance in support of
Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory
for the Study of Arctic
Climate (MOSAiC) campaign (2018-2020)
- Campaign scientist to provide expertise on Arctic boundary
layers for unmanned aerial vehicles flights
during the NOAA/CIRES/DOE Profiling at Oliktok Point to Enhance YOPP
Experiments (POPEYE) (2018)
- Flight scientist for 3 flights on the NOAA G4 to measure convective outflows between Hawaii
and the equator during the NOAA PSD El Nino Rapid Response Campaign (2016)
Leadership
- CIRES PSD Administrative Lead (2017-2022)
- Co-Chair, World Weather Research Programme Polar Prediction Project Sea Ice Task Team (2020-present)
- American Geophysical Union Annual Fall Meeting Session on Sea
Ice-Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions
(2015-2018 Primary Convener;
2019-present Co-Convener)
- Co-Chair, World Climate Research Programme CLIVAR/CliC Northern Oceans Region Panel (2017-present)
- Modeling Lead, DOE ARM Oliktok Point Site Science Team (2014-present)
- Co-Chair, US CLIVAR Decadal Climate Prediction Working Group (2008-2011)
- Chair, 16th AMS Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid
Dynamics, Santa Fe, NM (2007)
Service to National and International Communities
- CRiceS (Climate relevant interactions and feedbacks: the key
role
of sea ice and snow in the polar and global climate system
research project)
(2021-present) -- International Advisory Committee Member
- PolarRES (Polar Regions in the Earth System) (2021-present)
-- International Advisory Committee Member
- OOPC Workshop on Heat and Freshwater Storage and Transports in
Observations and Climate Models (2020--present) -- Steering Committee Member
- WMO Year of Polar Prediction Processes Task Team (2020-present) -- Committee Member
- GRISO-RCN, CLIVAR OMDP, and CLIVAR/CliC Northern Oceans
Panel workshop on
Greenland Freshwater Fluxes (2018) -- Steering Committee Member
- International CLIVAR Decadal Climate Variability and Predictability
Research Focus Working Group (2015-2017) -- Member
- DOE ASR High Latitude Processes Working Group (2008-present) -- Member
- AMS Meetings Oversight Committee (2007-2011) -- Committee Member
- AMS Committee on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics (2004-2007) -- Committee Member
- Reviewer for IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, Nature,
The Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, The Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,
The Journal of Climate, The Journal of Physical Oceanography, Climate Dynamics, Progress in Oceanography,
JGR-Atmospheres, Geophysical Research Letters, NOAA Office of Global Programs, US Department of Energy,
NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences, the Israeli Science Foundation, and the National Science Foundation.
Editorship
- Guest Editor, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2018-present)
- Associate Editor, JGR Atmospheres (2005-2013)
Panel Reviews
- DOE Panel Review (2017,2018)
- NOAA Climate Program Office Panel Review (2016)
- US Department of Energy Climate Variability and Change Review (2014)
- NSF GEO Panel Review (2013)
- NOAA Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Panel Review (2012)
- US Department of Energy Earth System Modeling Review (2011)
- NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction ROSES Review (2008)
Awards
- 2021 Department of Commerce Bronze Medal for PSL Sea Ice
Forecasting Team
- 2010 NOAA OAR Outstanding Scientific Publication Award for "Investigation of
microphysical parameterizations of snow and ice in Arctic clouds during M-PACE through
model-observation comparisons", MWR, 2009.
Funded Proposals
- 2023-27 Principal Investigator, NASA, "Advancing forecasting
of the coupled Arctic
atmosphere-sea ice-ocean system by using observations and diagnostics from the ARCSIX campaign"
- 2023-25 Co-Principal Investigator, DOE/ASR, "The Arctic Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Structure
and it’s Interactions with the Free Troposphere and Surface"", PI: Ola Persson.
- 2020-24 Co-Principal Investigator, DOE/ASR, "Cloud-atmosphere
impacts
on the central Arctic surface energy budget", PI: Matt Shupe.
- 2020-24 Co-Principal Investigator, DOE/ASR, "Synoptic and
Mesoscale Modulation
of Dynamic and Thermodynamic Impacts on Central
Arctic Sea Ice During MOSAiC", PI: Ola Persson.
- 2020-23 Co-Principal Investigator, NOAA/CPO, "Development of an integrated
ocean-atmosphere-sea ice dataset for validation of modeled Arctic
boundary layer processes over an annual cycle", PI:
Taneil Uttal.
- 2018-19 Co-Principal Investigator, DOE, "POPEYE - Profiling at Oliktok Point
to Enhance YOPP Experiments", PI: Gijs de Boer.
- 2018-23 Co-Principal Investigator, ONR, "Arctic Cyclone Interactions with
Tropopause Polar Vortices, Free-Troposphere Diabatic Forcing, and the Surface", PI: Ola Persson.
- 2017-22 Co-Principal Investigator, NSF, "Collaborative Research: Thermodynamic
and dynamic drivers of the Arctic sea-ice mass budget at MOSAiC", PI: Matt Shupe.
- 2015-19 Co-Principal Investigator, DOE/ASR, "Advancing understanding of the Arctic
atmosphere through process-level analysis and product development using
Oliktok Point Measurements", PI: Gijs de Boer.
- 2014-17 Co-Investigator, NOAA/ESPC, "Processes impacting
sea-ice movement and autumn freeze-ups", PI: Janet Intrieri.
- 2014-16 Co-Principal Investigator, DOE/ASR, "Investigations of the Arctic Mixed-Phase Lifecycle:
Microphysics, Dynamics and Persistence", PI: Matt Shupe.
- 2014-17 Co-Principal Investigator, NSF/ARC, "Characterizing the Roles of Atmospheric
Structure and Clouds on the Radiation and Precipitation Budgets at
Summit, Greenland", PI: Matt Shupe.
- 2011-12 Principal Investigator, NSF/RAPID,
"Predictability of Atmospheric Teleconnections in Initialized Decadal Forecasts".
- 2011-14 Co-Investigator, DOE/ASR, "Investigations of the Microphysical,
Radiative, and Dynamical Properties of Mixed-Phase Clouds", PI: Matt Shupe.
- 2010-14 Co-Principal Investigator, NSF/ARC,
"Understanding and Modeling Key Arctic Cloud-ABL-Surface Processes and Interactions",
PI: Ola Persson, Co-PI: Matt Shupe.
- 2009-12 Principal Investigator, NOAA Office of Global Programs,
"The Impact of Systematic Biases in Pacific and Indian Ocean SSTs on Predictability
of the Hydrological Cycle over North America in Decadal Climate Prediction Studies".
- 2007 Principal Investigator, NOAA/PSD Innovative Research
Proposal,
"The Remote Forcing of the
Arctic:Putting Observed Arctic Warming in Global Context".
- 2006-09 Co-Principal Investigator, NSF (ATM-0553111), "The Role of Extratropical Cooling in
Determining
the Level of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Activity",
PI: Dezheng Sun, Co-PI: Sang-Ik Shin.
- 2005-08 Principal Investigator, NOAA Office of Global Programs
(GC05-170),
"Extratropical Forcing of the Tropical Pacific: The
Role of Pacific Subtropical Cells in Climate",
Co-PIs: S.-I.
Shin, J.P. McCreary, M.A. Alexander.
- 2005 Principal Investigator, NOAA OGP CMEP,
"Pacific Subtropical
Cells in coupled climate model simulations of the late 19th-20th Century".
- 2004-06 Principal Investigator, NCAR Climate Simulation
Laboratory,
"The Role of Pacific Subtropical Cells in Climate",
Co-PIs: S.-I. Shin, J.P. McCreary, M.A. Alexander.
MOSAiC Data Sets
- Cox, C. J., M. R. Gallagher, M. D. Shupe, P. O. G. Persson, A. Solomon, et al.
(December 2021): 10-meter (m) meteorological flux tower measurements (Level 1 Raw),
Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC),
central Arctic, October 2019 - September, 2020. Arctic Data Center, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.18739/A2VM42Z5F.
- Cox, C. J., M. R. Gallagher, M. D. Shupe, P. O. G. Persson, A. Solomon, et al.
(December 2021): Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (Level 1 Raw),
Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC),
central Arctic, October 2019 - September 2020. Arctic Data Center, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.18739/A20C4SM1J.
- Cox, C. J., M. R. Gallagher, M. D. Shupe, P. O. G. Persson, A. Solomon, et al.
(December 2021): Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 measurements (Level 1 Raw),
Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC),
central Arctic, October 2019 - September 2020. Arctic Data Center, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.18739/A2445HD46.
- Cox, C. J., M. R. Gallagher, M. D. Shupe,
P. O. G. Persson, A. Solomon, et al.
(December 2021):
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #40 measurements (Level 1
Raw),
Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of
Arctic Climate (MOSAiC),
central Arctic, October 2019 - September
2020. Arctic Data Center, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.18739/A2CJ87M7G.
Peer-reviewed Publications
- Cox, C. J., A. Solomon, P.O.G. Persson, M.D. Shupe,
M.R. Gallagher, V.P. Walden,
M.S. Town, and D.K. Perovich, 2023:
Resiliency of sea ice to warming from southerly
advection in early
spring, To be submitted to GRL.
- Cox, C. J., M. Gallagher, M. D. Shupe, P.O.G. Persson, A. Solomon,
C. W. Fairall, T. Ayers,
B. Blomquist, I. M. Brooks, D. Costa,
A. Grachev, D. Gottas, J. K. Hutchings, M. Kutchenreiter,
J. Leach,
S. M. Morris, V. Morris, J. Osborn, S. Pezoa, A. Preusser,
L. Riihimaki, and T. Uttal, 2023:
Continuous observations of the
surface energy budget and meteorology over the Arctic sea ice
during
MOSAiC. Scientific Data. Submitted.
- Rabe, B., T. Martin, A. Solomon, K. M. Assmann,
L. C. Biddle, T. Haine, T. Hattermann,
F. A. Haumann,
A. Jahn, T. Karpouzoglou, G. Laukert, A. Naveira
Garabato, E. Rosenblum, E. Sikes,
L. Yin, and X. Zhang, 2023: Polar
Fresh Water in a Changing Global Climate Linking Arctic
and Southern
Ocean Processes, BAMS, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0046.1
- Solomon, A., M. D. Shupe, G. Svensson, N. P. Barton,
Y. Batrak, E. Bazile, J. J. Day,
J. D. Doyle, H. P. Frank,
S. Keeley, T. Remes, and M. Tolstykh, 2023:
The Winter Central Arctic
Surface Energy Budget; A Model Evaluation
using Observations from the
MOSAiC Campaign, Elementa, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00104.
- Shupe, M. and coauthors, 2022: Overview of the MOSAiC
expedition—Atmosphere.
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene
10(1). doi:10.1525/elementa.2021.00060.
- Sun, S. and Solomon, A., 2021: Seasonal Sea Ice
Prediction with the CICE Model and
Positive Impact of CryoSat-2 Ice
Thickness Initialization. The Cryosphere, doi:10.5194/tc-2021-353.
- Solomon, A., C. Heuzé, B. Rabe, S. Bacon, L. Bertino,
P. Heimbach, J. Inoue, D. Iovino,
R. Mottram, X. Zhang, Y. Aksenov,
R. McAdam, A. Nguyen, R. P. Raj, H. Tang, 2021:
Freshwater in the
Arctic Ocean 2010-2019. Ocean Science, doi:10.5194/os-2020-113.
- Creamean, J., G. de Boer, H. Telg, F. Mei, D. Dexheimer, M. Shupe,
A. Solomon, and A. McComiskey, 2021:
Assessing the vertical
structure of Arctic aerosols using tethered-balloon-borne
measurements.
ACP, 21(3), doi:10.5194/acp-21-1737-2021.
- Inoue, J.,..., A. Solomon, 2021: Clouds and radiation
processes in regional climate models
evaluated using observations
over the ice-free Arctic Ocean. in press JGR-Atmos, 126(1), doi:10.1029/2020JD033904.
- Sedlar, J., and coauthors, 2020: Confronting Arctic troposphere and
surface energy budget representations
in regional climate
models with observations. JGR Atmospheres, doi:10.1029/2019JD031783.
- de Boer, G., and coauthors, 2019: Atmospheric observations made at
Oliktok Point, Alaska as part
of the Profiling at Oliktok Point to
Enhance YOPP Experiments (POPEYE) campaign.
Earth System Science
Data, doi:10.5194/essd-2019-46.
- Smith, G., and coauthors, 2019: Polar Ocean Observations: A
Critical Gap in the Observing System
and its effect on
Environmental Prediction. Frontiers, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00429.
- Stammer, D., and coauthors, 2019: Ocean climate observing
requirements in support of Climate Research
and Climate
Information. Frontiers, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00444.
- Solomon, A., and M.D. Shupe, 2019: A case study of air mass
transformation and cloud formation
at Summit,
Greenland. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-19-0056.1.
- Pithan, F., G. Svensson, R. Caballero, D. Chechin, T. W. Cronin,
A. Ekman, R. Neggers, M. D. Shupe,
A. Solomon, M. Tjernstrom,
and M. Wendisch, 2018: Warm in, cold out: Air-mass transformations
connect
the Arctic and mid-latitudes. Nature Geosciences, 11, doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0234-1.
- Solomon, A., G. de Boer, J. Creamean, A. McComiskey,
M.D. Shupe, M. Maahn, and C. Cox, 2018:
The relative impact of
perturbations in cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating
particle concentrations
on phase-partitioning in Arctic
Mixed-Phase Stratocumulus Clouds. Atmos. Chem. Phys, 18, doi:10.5194/acp-18-1-2018.
- de Boer, G., and coauthors, 2018: A Bird's Eye View: Development
of an Operational ARM Unmanned Aerial Systems
Capability for
Atmospheric Research in Arctic Alaska. BAMS. 99, 1197-1212, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0156.1.
- Dole, R. M., and coauthors, 2018: Advancing Science and Services during the 2015-16 El Nino:
The NOAA El Nino Rapid Response Field Campaign. BAMS. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0219.1.
- Solomon, A., M.D. Shupe, and N.B. Miller, 2017: Cloud-Atmospheric Boundary Layer-Surface Interactions
on the Greenland Ice Sheet during the July 2012 Extreme Melt Event. Journal of Climate. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0071.1.
- Kalesse, H., G. de Boer, A. Solomon, M. Oue, M. Ahlgrimm,
D. Zhang, M. D. Shupe, E. Luke, and A. Protat,
2016:
Understanding rapid changes in phase partitioning between cloud liquid and ice in stratiform mixed-phase clouds:
An Arctic case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144, 4805-4826. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-16-0155.1.
- Persson, P.O.G., M.D. Shupe, D. Perovich, and A. Solomon, 2016: Linking atmospheric synoptic transport, cloud phase,
surface energy fluxes, and sea-ice growth: Observations of midwinter SHEBA conditions.
Climate Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3383-1.
- Solomon, A., G. Feingold, and M.D. Shupe, 2015: The role of ice nuclei recycling in the maintenance of cloud ice
in Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10631-10643, doi:10.5194/acp-15-10631-2015.
- Kravitz, B., H. Wang, P.J. Rasch, H. Morrison, and A.B. Solomon, 2014: Process-model simulations of cloud albedo
enhancement by aerosols in the Arctic. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0052.
- Solomon, A., 2014: Using initialized hindcasts to assess simulations of 1970-2009 equatorial Pacific SST,
zonal wind stress, and surface flux trends. J. Climate, 27, 7385-7393, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00709.1.
- Ovchinnikov, M., A. Ackerman, A. Avramov, A. Cheng, J. Fan, A. Fridlind, S. Ghan, J. Harrington, C. Hoose,
A. Korolev, G. McFarquhar, H. Morrison, M. Paukert, J. Savre, B. Shipway, M. Shupe, A. Solomon, K. Sulia, 2014:
Intercomparison of large-eddy simulations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds: Importance of ice size distribution assumptions.
J.A.M.E.S., doi:10.1002/2013MS000282.
- Solomon, A., M.D. Shupe, P.O.G. Persson, H. Morrison, T. Yamaguchi, P.M. Caldwell, and G. de Boer, 2014:
The sensitivity of springtime Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds to surface layer and cloud-top
inversion layer moisture sources. J. Atmos. Sci., doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0179.1.
- Goddard, L., A. Kumar, A. Solomon and the U.S. CLIVAR Decadal Predictability Working Group, 2013:
A Verification Framework for Interannual-to-Decadal Predictions Experiments.
Climate Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1481-2.
In Web of Science top 1% of papers published in 2013
- Solomon, A., 2013: Using initialized decadal hindcasts to assess simulated 50-year trends in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean.
U.S. CLIVAR Variations, 11, 3-6.
- Solomon, A., and M. Newman, 2012: Reconciling disparate 20th century Indo-Pacific ocean temperature trends
in the instrumental record. Nature Climate Change, doi:10.1038/NCLIMATE1591.
In Web of Science top 1% of papers published in 2012
- Solomon, A., M.D. Shupe, P.O.G. Persson, and H. Morrison, 2011: Moisture and dynamical interactions
maintaining decoupled Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus in the presence of a humidity inversion.
ACP, 11, 10127-10148, doi:10.5194/acp-11-10127-2011.
- Solomon, A., and M. Newman, 2011: Decadal predictability of tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean temperature trends
due to anthropogenic forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L02703, doi:10.1029/2010GL045978.
- Solomon, A., L. Goddard, A. Kumar, J. Carton, C. Deser, I. Fukumori, A. Greene, G. Hegerl, B. Kirtman,
Y. Kushnir, M. Newman, D. Smith, D. Vimont, T. Delworth, J. Meehl, and T. Stockdale, 2011:
Distinguishing the roles of natural and anthropogenically forced decadal climate variability: Implications for prediction.
Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., doi: 10.1175/2010BAMS2962.1.
In Web of Science top 1% of papers published in 2011
- Solomon, A., 2010: Interannual ENSO variability due to coupled ocean-atmosphere bridges.
GRL, 37, L02706, doi:10.1029/2009GL041622.
- Solomon, A., H. Morrison, P.O.G. Persson, M.D. Shupe, and J.-W. Bao, 2009: Investigation of
microphysical parameterizations of
snow and ice in Arctic clouds during M-PACE through
model-observation comparisons. Monthly Weather Review, 137, 3110-3128, doi:10.1175/2009MWR2688.1.
Awarded NOAA OAR 2010 Outstanding Scientific Publication Award
- Zhang, Y., P.H. Stone, and A. Solomon, 2009: The role of boundary layer processes in eddy equilibration
in a modified quasi-geostrophic model. JAS. doi:10.1175/2008JAS2914.1.
- Solomon, A., S.-I. Shin, M.A. Alexander, and J.P. McCreary, 2008: The relative importance of tropical variability
forced from the North Pacific through ocean pathways. Climate Dyn. doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0353-7.
- Wainer, I., A. Lazar, and A. Solomon, 2006: Tropical extra-tropical thermocline water mass exchanges
in the Community Climate Model v.3 Part I: the Atlantic Ocean. Ocean Sci., 2, 137-146.
- Solomon, A., 2006: The impact of latent heat release on polar climate.
GRL, 22, L07716,doi:10.1029/2005GL025607.
- Solomon, A., and D. Zhang, 2006: Pacific Subtropical Cell variability in
coupled climate
model simulations of the late 19th- 20th Century.
Ocean Modelling, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.03.007.
- Solomon, A., and I. Wainer, 2006: Pacific tropical-extratropical thermocline water mass
exchanges in the NCAR CCSM3.
Ocean Modelling, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.04.003.
- Solomon, A., and F.-F. Jin, 2005: A study of the impact of
off-equatorial Warm-Pool
SST anomalies on ENSO cycles.*
J. Clim., 18, 274-286.
- Solomon, A., J.P. McCreary, R. Kleeman,
and B.A. Klinger, 2003: Interactions between
interannual tropical oscillations and decadal extratropical oscillations in an
intermediate
coupled model of the Pacific basin. J. Clim., 16,
No. 3, 2395-2410.
- Solomon, A., and P.H. Stone, 2001b: On
the sensitivity of an intermediate model of the
mid-latitude troposphere's equilibrium to changes in radiative
forcing.*
J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2395-2410. IPRC-58.
- Solomon, A., and P.H. Stone, 2001a: Equilibration
in an eddy resolving model with
simplified physics.* J Atmos. Sci., 58, 561-574.
- Solomon, A., and R.S. Lindzen, 2000: The
impact of resolution on a numerical simulation
of the barotropic point jet.* J. Atmos. Sci. , 57, No. 23, 3799-3816.
- Solomon, A., 1997: An
observational study of the spatial and temporal scales of
transient eddy sensible heat fluxes.* J. Clim., 10, No. 3,
508-520.
- Trenberth, K. E., J. W. Hurrell, and A. Solomon, 1994: Conservation of mass in
three dimensions.* J. Clim., 8, No. 4, 692-708.
- Trenberth, K.E. and A. Solomon, 1994: The global heat balance: Heat transports
in the atmosphere and ocean. Climate Dynamics , 10, 107-134.
- Trenberth, K. E., and A. Solomon, 1993:
Implications of global atmospheric spatial
spectra for processing and displaying data.* J. Clim., 6, 531-545.
*Permission to place a copy of this work on this website has been
provided by the American Meteorological Society.
The AMS does not
guarantee that the copy provided here is an accurate copy of the
published work.