PSL ENSO Publications (1987–Present)

2023

  • Amaya, D. J., M. A. Alexander, J. D. Scott and M. G. Jacox (January 2023): An evaluation of high-resolution ocean reanalyses in the California current system. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 210, 102951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102951.
  • Kumar, S., C. Dewes, M. Newman and Y. Duan (April 2023): Robust Changes in North America. Earth, 11 (4), e2022EF003239, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003239.
  • Wick, G. A., D. L. Jackson and S. L. Castro (January 2023): Assessing the ability of satellite sea surface temperature analyses to resolve spatial variability – The northwest tropical Atlantic ATOMIC region. Remote Sens. Environ., 284, 113377, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113377.
  • Zhao, Y., Y. Jin, A. Capotondi, J. Li and D. Sun (April 2023): The Role of Tropical Atlantic in ENSO Predictability Barrier. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50 (7), e2022GL101853, doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101853.
  • Di Lorenzo, E., T. Xu, Y. Zhao, M. Newman, A. Capotondi, S. Stevenson, D. J. Amaya, et al. (January 2023): Modes and Mechanisms of Pacific Decadal-Scale Variability. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 15 (1), https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040422-084555.
  • Amaya, D. J., M. A. Alexander, J. D. Scott and M. G. Jacox (January 2023): An evaluation of high-resolution ocean reanalyses in the California current system. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 210, 102951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102951.
  • Capotondi, A. (March 2023): Simplifying climate complexity. Nature Geosci. Commentary, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01161-y
  • Kumar, S., C. Dewes, M. Newman and Y. Duan (April 2023): Robust Changes in North America. Earth, 11 (4), e2022EF003239, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003239.

2022

  • Albers, J. R., A. H. Butler, A. O. Langford, D. Elsbury and M. L. Breeden (October 2022): Dynamics of ENSO-driven stratosphere-to-troposphere transport of ozone over North America. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22 (19), 13035–13048, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13035-2022.
  • Alexander, M. A., S.-I. Shin and D. S. Battisti: The influence of the trend, basin interactions, and ocean dynamics on tropical ocean prediction. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49 (3), e2021GL096120, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096120.
  • Breeden, M. L., J. R. Albers and A. Hoell (October 2022): Subseasonal precipitation forecasts of opportunity over southwest Asia. Weather Clim. Dynam., 3 (4), 1183–1197, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1183-2022.
  • Carrillo, C., S. Coats, M. Newman, D. A. Herrera, X. Li, R. Moore, S.-I. Shin, S. Stevenson, F. Lehner and T. R. Ault (November 2022): Megadrought: A Series of Unfortunate La Niña Events?. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 127 (21), e2021JD036376, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036376.
  • Chen, W., R. Lu and H. Ding (December 2022): A decadal intensification in the modulation of spring western tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature to the following winter ENSO after the mid-1980s. Clim. Dyn., 59, 3643–3655, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06288-z.
  • Larson, S. M., Y. Okumura, K. Bellomo and M. L. Breeden: Destructive Interference of ENSO on North Pacific SST and North American Precipitation Associated with Aleutian Low Variability. J. Climate, 35 (11), 3567–3585, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0560.1.
  • Djalalova, I., D. D. Turner, L. Bianco, J. M. Wilczak, J. Duncan, B. Adler and D. J. Gottas (January 2022): Improving thermodynamic profile retrievals from microwave radiometers by including radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) observations. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15 (2), 521-537, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-521-2022.
  • Dunnavan, E. L., J. T. Carlin, J. Hu, P. Bukovčić, A. V. Ryzhkov, G. M. McFarquhar, J. A. Finlon, S. Y. Matrosov and D. J. Delene (November 2022): Radar Retrieval Evaluation and Investigation of Dendritic Growth Layer Polarimetric Signatures in a Winter Storm. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 61 (11), 1685–1711, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-21-0220.1.
  • Frickenhaus, S., D. Ransby, M. D. Shupe, R. Jaiser and M. Nicolaus (September 2022): Data from the MOSAiC Arctic Ocean drift experiment. Nat. Sci. Data, 9, 568, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01678-8.
  • Gichamo, T. Z. and C. Draper (December 2022): An Optimal Interpolation–Based Snow Data Assimilation for NOAA’s Unified Forecast System (UFS). Wea. Forecasting, 37 (12), 2209–2221, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-22-0061.1.
  • Hamilton, J., G. de Boer, A. Doddi and D. Lawrence (November 2022): The DataHawk2 Uncrewed Aircraft System for Atmospheric Research. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15 (22), 6789–6806, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6789-2022.
  • Hsiao, W.-T., E. A. Barnes, E. D. Maloney, S. N. Tulich, J. Dias and G. N. Kiladis: Role of the Tropics and its Extratropical Teleconnections in State-Dependent Improvements of U.S. West Coast UFS Precipitation Forecasts.Geophys. Res. Lett., 49 (5), e2021GL096447, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096447.
  • Huang, Y., C. Taylor, F. G. Rose, D. A. Rutan, M. D. Shupe and M. Webster (June 2022): Toward a more realistic representation of surface albedo in NASA CERES-derived surface radiative fluxes: A comparison with the MOSAiC field campaign: Comparison of CERES and MOSAiC surface radiation fluxes. Elementa Sci. Anthrop., 10 (1), 00013, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00013.
  • Larson, S. M., Y. Okumura, K. Bellomo and M. L. Breeden (June 2022): Destructive Interference of ENSO on North Pacific SST and North American Precipitation Associated with Aleutian Low Variability. J. Climate, 35 (11), 3567–3585, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0560.1.
  • Lee, C. M., M. DeGrandpre, J. Guthrie, V. Hill, R. Kwok, J. Morison, C. J. Cox, H. Singh, T. Stanton and J. Wilkinson (September 2022): Emerging Technologies and Approaches for In Situ, Autonomous Observing in the Arctic. Oceanogr. Soc., 35 (3-4), 210 - 221, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.127.
  • Maher, N., J. E. Kay and A. Capotondi (October 2022): Modulation of ENSO teleconnections over North America by the Pacific decadal oscillation. Environ. Res. Lett., 17 (11), 114005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac9327.
  • Matrosov, S. Y., M. D. Shupe and T. Uttal (April 2022): High temporal resolution estimates of Arctic snowfall rates emphasizing gauge and radar-based retrievals from the MOSAiC expedition. Elementa Sci. Anthrop., 10 (1), 00101, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00101.
  • Mayta, V. C., G. N. Kiladis, J. Dias, P. L. Silva Dias and M. Gehne (May 2021 ONLINE): Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves Over Tropical South America. J. Climate, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0662.1.
  • Wagner, D., M. D. Shupe, P. O. G. Persson, T. Uttal, et al. (June 2022): Snowfall and snow accumulation processes during the MOSAiC winter and spring season. Cryosphere, 16 (6), 2373–2402, .
  • Zhang, Y., S.-Y. Yu, S.-P. Xie, D. J. Amaya, et al. (October 2022): Role of ocean dynamics in equatorial Pacific decadal variability. Clim. Dyn., 59, 2517–2529, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06312-2.
  • Vimont, D. J., M. Newman, D. S. Battisti and S.-I. Shin: The Role of Seasonality and the ENSO Mode in Central and East Pacific ENSO Growth and Evolution. J. Climate, 35 (11), 3195-3209, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0599.1.
  • Zhao, Y., Y. Jin, J. Li and A. Capotondi: The Role of Extratropical Pacific in Crossing ENSO Spring Predictability Barrier.Geophys. Res. Lett., 49 (15), e2022GL099488, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099488.

2021

  • Cai, W., A. Santoso, M. Collins, B. Dewitte, . . ., A. Capotondi, et al. (August 2021): Changing El Niño–Southern Oscillation in a warming climate. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 2, 628-644, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00199-z.
  • Capotondi, A. and L. Ricciardulli (September 2021): The influence of Pacific winds on ENSO diversity. Sci. Rep., 11, 18672, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97963-4.
  • Dieppois, B., A. Capotondi, B. Pohl, K. P. Chun, P.-A. Monerie and J. Eden (October 2021): ENSO diversity shows robust decadal variations that must be captured for accurate future projections. Nat. Commun. Earth Environ., 2, 212, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00285-6.
  • Zhao, Y., M. Newman, A. Capotondi, E. Di Lorenzo and D. Sun (December 2021): Removing the Effects of Tropical Dynamics from North Pacific Climate Variability. J. Climate, 34 (23), 9249-9265, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0344.1.
  • Mayta, V. C., G. N. Kiladis, J. Dias, P. L. Silva Dias and M. Gehne (May 2021 ONLINE): Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves Over Tropical South America. J. Climate, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0662.1.
  • Shin, S.-I. and M. Newman (May 2021): Seasonal Predictability of Global and North American Coastal Sea Surface Temperature and Height Anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 48 (10), e2020GL091886, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091886.
  • Shin, S.-I., P. D. Sardeshmukh, M. Newman, C. Penland and M. A. Alexander (January 2021): Impact of Annual Cycle on ENSO Variability and Predictability. J. Climate, 34 (1), 171-193, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0291.1.
  • Zhang, L., G. Wang, M. Newman and W. Han (April 2021): Interannual to Decadal Variability of Tropical Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature: Pacific Influence versus Local Internal Variability. J. Climate, 34 (7), 2669-2684, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0807.1.
  • Meehl, G. A., H. Teng, A. Capotondi and A. Hu (May 2021 ONLINE): The role of interannual ENSO events in decadal timescale transitions of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. Clim. Dyn., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05784-y.

2020

  • Bouallègue, Z. B., T. Haiden, N. J. Weber, T. M. Hamill and D. S. Richardson (May 2020): Accounting for representativeness in the verification of ensemble precipitation forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 148, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0323.1.
  • Capotondi, A., C. Deser, A. S. Phillips, Y. M. Okumura and S. M. Larson (December 2020): ENSO and Pacific Decadal Variability in the Community Earth System Model Version 2. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 12 (12), e2019MS002022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS002022.
  • Ding, H., M. Newman, M. A. Alexander and A. T. Wittenberg (March 2020): Relating CMIP5 Model Biases to Seasonal Forecast Skill in the Tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47 (5), e2019GL086765, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086765.
  • Chen, H., V. Chandrasekar, R. Cifelli and P. Xie (February 2020): A Machine Learning System for Precipitation Estimation Using Satellite and Ground Radar Network Observations. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 58 (2), 982-994, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2019.2942280.
  • Fredriksen, H.-B., J. Berner, A. C. Subramanian and A. Capotondi (November 2020): How Does El Niño–Southern Oscillation Change Under Global Warming—A First Look at CMIP6. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47 (22), e2020GL090640, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090640.
  • Grothe, P. R., K. M. Cobb, G. Liguori, E. Di Lorenzo, A. Capotondi, H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, et al. (April 2020): Enhanced El Niño‐Southern Oscillation variability in recent decades. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47 (7), e2019GL083906, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083906.
  • Henderson, S. A., D. J. Vimont and M. Newman (June 2020): The Critical Role of Non-Normality in Partitioning Tropical and Extratropical Contributions to PNA Growth . J. Climate, 33 (14), 6273-6295, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0555.1.
  • Jong, B.-T., M. Ting, R. Seager and W. B. Anderson (July 2020): ENSO Teleconnections and Impacts on U.S. Summertime Temperature during a Multiyear La Niña Life Cycle. J. Climate, 33 (14), 6009-6024, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0701.1.
  • Ray, S., S. A. Siedlecki, M. A. Alexander, N. A. Bond and A. J. Hermann (August 2020): Drivers of Subsurface Temperature Variability in the Northern California Current. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 125 (8), e2020JC016227, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016227.
  • Ray, S., S. A. Siedlecki, M. A. Alexander, N. A. Bond and A. J. Hermann (August 2020): Drivers of Subsurface Temperature Variability in the Northern California Current. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 125 (8), e2020JC016227, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016227.
  • Robertson, F. R., J. B. Roberts, M. G. Bosilovich, A. Bentamy, C. A. Clayson, K. Fennig, M. Schröder, H. Tomita, G. P. Compo, M. Gutenstein, H. Hersbach, C. Kobayashi, L. Ricciardulli, P. D. Sardeshmukh and L. C. Slivinski (October 2020): Uncertainties in Ocean Latent Heat Flux Variations over Recent Decades in Satellite-Based Estimates and Reduced Observation Reanalyses. J. Climate, 33 (19), 8415-8437, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0954.1.
  • Shin, J., S. Park, S.-I. Shin, M. Newman and M. A. Alexander (January 2020): Enhancing ENSO Prediction Skill by Combining Model‐Analog and Linear Inverse Models (MA‐LIM). Geophys. Res. Lett., 47 (1), e2019GL085914, https://doi.org/0.1029/2019GL085914.
  • Switanek, M. B., J. J. Barsugli, M. Scheuerer and T. M. Hamill (June 2020): Present and Past Sea Surface Temperatures: A Recipe for Better Seasonal Climate Forecasts. Wea. Forecasting, 35 (4), 1221-1234, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-19-0241.1.
  • Sumargo, E., A. M. Wilson, F. M. Ralph, R. Weihs, A. B. White, J. Jasperse, M. Asgari-Lamjiri, S. Turnbull, C. Downer and L. Delle Monache (October 2020): The Hydrometeorological Observation Network in California’s Russian River Watershed: Development, Characteristics and Key Findings from 1997 to 2019 . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 101 (10), E1781-E1800, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0253.1.
  • Sun, L., J. Perlwitz, J. H. Richter, M. P. Hoerling and J. Hurrell (November 2020): Attribution of NAO Predictive Skill Beyond Two Weeks in Boreal Winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47 (22), e2020GL090451, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090451.
  • Zeller, M., S. McGregor, E. van Sebille, A. Capotondi and P. Spence (November 2020): Subtropical-tropical pathways of spiciness anomalies and their impact on equatorial Pacific temperature. Clim. Dyn., 56, 1131-1144, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05524-8.

2019

  • Grothe P. R., K. M. Cobb, G. Liguori, E. Di Lorenzo, A. Capotondi, H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, et al. (April 2020): Enhanced El Niño‐Southern Oscillation variability in recent decades. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47 (7), e2019GL083906. doi:10.1029/2019GL083906
  • Carréric A., B. Dewitte, W. Cai, A. Capotondi, K. Takahashi, S.-W. Yeh, G. Wang and V. Guémas (November 2019): Change in strong Eastern Pacific El Niño events dynamics in the warming climate. Clim. Dyn., 54, 901-918. doi:10.1007/s00382-019-05036-0
  • Cordero-Quirós N., A. J. Miller, A. Subramanian, J. Y. Luo and A. Capotondi (October 2019): Composite physical–biological El Niño and La Niña conditions in the California Current System in CESM1-POP2-BEC. Ocean Model., 142, p. 101439. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.101439
  • Hoell A. and J. K. Eischeid (September 2019): On the interpretation of seasonal Southern Africa precipitation prediction skill estimates during Austral summer. Clim. Dyn., 53, 6769-6783. doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04960-5
  • Zhang T., J. Perlwitz, J. K. Eischeid, D. Murray, M. P. Hoerlingand T. M. Hamill (September 2019): Towards Probabilistic Multivariate ENSO Monitoring. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46 (17-18), 10532-10540. doi:10.1029/2019GL083946
  • Jacox M. G., D. Tommasi, M. A. Alexander, G. Hervieux and C. A. Stock (August 2019): Predicting the Evolution of the 2014–2016 California Current System Marine Heatwave From an Ensemble of Coupled Global Climate Forecasts. Front. Mar. Sci., 6, p. 497. doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00497
  • Martinez-Villalobos C., M. Newman, D. J. Vimont, C. Penland and D. J. Neelin (August 2019): Observed El Niño‐La Niña Asymmetry in a Linear Model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46 (16), 9909-9919. doi:10.1029/2019GL082922
  • Subramanian A., M. A. Balmaseda, R. Chattopadhyay, L. R. Centurioni, B. D. Cornuelle, C. DeMott, T. M. Hamill, et al. (August 2019): Ocean observations to improve our understanding, modeling, and forecasting of subseasonal-to-seasonal variability. Front. Mar. Sci. , 6, p. 427. doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00427
  • Capotondi A., P. D. Sardeshmukh, E. Di Lorenzo, A. Subramanian and A. J. Miller (July 2019): Predictability of US West Coast Ocean Temperatures is not solely due to ENSO. Sci. Reports, 9, p. 10993. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47400-4
  • Slivinski L. C., G. P. Compo, J. S. Whitaker, P. D. Sardeshmukh, J. A. Wang, J. M. Friedman and C. McColl (July 2019): What Is the Impact of Additional Tropical Observations on a Modern Data Assimilation System? Mon. Wea. Rev., 147, 2433-2449. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-18-0120.1
  • Wang J. A., P. D. Sardeshmukh, G. P. Compo, J. S. Whitaker, L. C. Slivinski, C. McColl and P. Pegion (April 2019): Sensitivities of the NCEP Global Forecast System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 147, 1237-1256. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-18-0239.1
  • Ding H., M. Newman, M. A. Alexander and A. T. Wittenberg (February 2019): Diagnosing secular variations in retrospective ENSO seasonal forecast skill using CMIP5 model‐analogs. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46 (3), 1721-1730. doi:10.1029/2018GL080598
  • Brady R. X., N. S. Lovenduski, M. A. Alexander, M. G. Jacox and N. Gruber (January 2019): On the role of climate modes in modulating the air–sea CO2 fluxes in eastern boundary upwelling systems. Biogeosci., 16, 329-349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-329-2019.
  • Stevenson S. N., A. Capotondi and J. T. Fasullo (June 2019): Forced changes to twentieth century ENSO diversity in a last Millennium context. Clim. Dyn., 52 (12), 7359-7374, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3573-5.
  • Brady R. X., N. S. Lovenduski, M. A. Alexander, M. G. Jacox and N. Gruber (January 2019): On the role of climate modes in modulating the air–sea CO2 fluxes in eastern boundary upwelling systems. Biogeosci., 16, 329-349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-329-2019.

2018

  • Albers J. R., J. Perlwitz, A. H. Butler, T. Birner, G. N. Kiladis, Z. D. Lawrence, G. L. Manney, A. O. Langford and J. Dias (January 2018): Mechanisms Governing Interannual Variability of Stratosphere to Troposphere Ozone Transport. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 123(1), 234-260. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026890.
  • Capotondi A. and P. D. Sardeshmukh (October 2018): The Nature of the Stochastic Wind Forcing of ENSO. J. Climate, 31, 8081-8099, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0842.1.
  • Cheng L., M. P. Hoerling., L. Smith. and J. K. Eischeid. (February 2018): Diagnosing Human-Induced Dynamic and Thermodynamic Drivers of Extreme Rainfall. J. Climate, 31, 1029-1051, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0919.1
  • Cifelli R., V. Chandrasekar and H. Chen (May 2018): High Resolution Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation in the San Francisco Bay Area: Rainfall Monitoring for the Urban Environment. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 96A, 141-155, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2018-016.
  • Hartten L. M., C. J. Cox, P. E. Johnston, D. E. Wolfe, S. Abbott and H. A. McColl (June 2018): Central-Pacific surface meteorology from the 2016 El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) field campaign. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1139-1164, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1139-2018.
  • Hartten L. M., C. J. Cox, P. E. Johnston, D. E. Wolfe, S. Abbott, H. A. McColl and X.-W. Quan (June 2018): Ship- and island-based soundings from the 2016 El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) field campaign. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1165-1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1165-2018.
  • Hoell A. (June 2018): Cold Season Southwest Asia Precipitation Sensitivity to El Niño-Southern Oscillation Events. J. Climate, 31, 4463-4482. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0456.1
  • Hoell A. and L. Cheng (May 2018): Austral summer Southern Africa precipitation extremes forced by the El Niño-Southern oscillation and the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole. Clim. Dyn., 50(9-10), 3219-3236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3801-z
  • Newman M., A. Wittenberg, L. Cheng., G. P. Compo. and C. A. Smith. (January 2018): The extreme 2015/16 El Niño, in the context of historical climate variability and change. In Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99(1), S16-S20, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0116.1.
  • Quan X.-W., M. P. Hoerling, L. Smith, J. Perlwitz, T. Zhang, A. Hoell, K. Wolter and J. K. Eischeid (January 2018): Extreme California Rains During Winter 2015-16: A Change in El Niño Teleconnection? In Special Report: Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99(1), S49-S53, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0118.1
  • Thomas E. E., D. J. Vimont, M. Newman, C. Penland and C. Martinez-Villalobos (November 2018): The Role of Stochastic Forcing in Generating ENSO Diversity. J. Climate, 31, 9125-9150, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0582.1.
  • Timmermann A., S.-I. An, J.-S. Kug, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, A. Capotondi, et al. (July 2018): El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity. Nature, 559, 535-545, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6.
  • Turi G., M. A. Alexander, N. S. Lovenduski, A. Capotondi, J. D. Scott, C. Stock, J. Dunne, J. John and M. G. Jacox (February 2018): Response of O2 and pH to ENSO in the California Current System in a high-resolution global climate model. Ocean Sci., 14, 69-86, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-69-2018.
  • Zhang T., M. P. Hoerling, K. Wolter, J. K. Eischeid, L. Cheng, A. Hoell, J. Perlwitz, X.-W. Quan and J. J. Barsugli (January 2018): Predictability and Prediction of Southern California Rains during Strong El Niño Events: A Focus on the Failed 2016 Winter Rains. J. Climate, 31, 555-574, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0396.1.
  • Zheng J., F. Wang, M. A. Alexander and M. Wang (March 2018): Impact of South Pacific Subtropical Dipole Mode on the Equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 31, 2197-2216. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0256.1

2017

  • Cannon F. , L. M. V. Carvalho, C. Jones, A. Hoell, J. Norris, G. N. Kiladis and A. A. Tahir (February 2017): The influence of tropical forcing on extreme winter precipitation in the western Himalaya. Clim. Dyn., 48(3), 1213-1232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3137-00.
  • Capotondi A., K. Karnauskas, A. Miller and A. Subramanian (February 2017): ENSO diversity and its implications for US West coast marine ecosystems. US CLIVAR Variations, 15 (1), 16-21.
  • Capotondi A. and P. D. Sardeshmukh (August 2017): Is El Niño really changing? Geophys. Res. Lett., 44 (16), 8548-8556. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL0745150.
  • Cox C. J., D. E. Wolfe, L. M. Hartten and P. E. Johnston (June 2017): El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) Field Campaign: Radiosonde Data (Level 2) from the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown, February-March 2016 (NCEI Accession 0161527), Version 1.1, https://doi.org/10.7289/V5X63K15
  • Cox C. J., D. E. Wolfe, L. M. Hartten and P. E. Johnston (June 2017): El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) Field Campaign: Surface Meteorological and Ship Data from the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown, February-March 2016 (NCEI Accession 0161528), Version 1.1, https://doi.org/10.7289/V5X63K1
  • Cox, C., and L. Hartten, 2017: El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) Field Campaign: Surface Flux Data from the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown, 2016-02 to 2016-03 (NCEI Accession 0167875). NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Information, https://doi.org/10.7289/V58050VP.
  • Dole R. M., J. R. Spackman, M. Newman, G. P. Compo, C. A. Smith, L. M. Hartten, J. J. Barsugli, R. S. Webb, M. P. Hoerling, R. Cifelli, K. Wolter, C. D. Barnet, M. Gehne, R. Gelaro, G. N. Kiladis, S. Abbott, J. R. Albers, J. M. Brown, C. J. Cox, L. S. Darby, B. DeLuisi, J. Dias, J. Dunion, J. K. Eischeid, C. W. Fairall, A. Gambacorta, B. K. Gorton, A. Hoell, J. M. Intrieri, D. L. Jackson, P. E. Johnston, E. Akish, R. Lataitis, K. M. Mahoney, K. McCaffrey, H. A. McColl, M. Mueller, D. Murray, P. J. Neiman, W. D. Otto, P. O. G. Persson, X.-W. Quan, I. Rangwala, A. J. Ray, D. W. Reynolds, E. Riley Dellaripa, K. H. Rosenlof, N. Sakaeda, P. D. Sardeshmukh, L. C. Slivinski, A. Solomon, L. Smith, D. Swales, S. N. Tulich, A. B. White, G. A. Wick, M. G. Winterkorn, D. E. Wolfe and R. J. Zamora (December 2017): Advancing Science and Services during the 2015-16 El Niño: The NOAA El Niño Rapid Response Field Campaign. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99, 975-1001. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0219.1
  • Hartten L. M., P. E. Johnston, C. J. Cox and D. E. Wolfe (June 2017): El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) Field Campaign: Radiosonde Data (Level 2) from Kiritimati Island, January-March 2016 (NCEI Accession 0161525), Version 1.1, https://doi.org/10.7289/V55Q4T5K.
  • Hartten L. M., P. E. Johnston, C. J. Cox and D. E. Wolfe (June 2017): El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) Field Campaign: Surface Meteorological Data from Kiritimati Island, January-March 2016 (NCEI Accession 0161526), Version 1.1, https://doi.org/10.7289/V51Z42H4.
  • Hoell A., A. E. Gaughan, S. Shukla and T. Magadzire (September 2017): The Hydrologic Effects of Synchronous El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole Events over Southern Africa. J. Hydrometeor., 18, 2407-2424. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-16-0294.10.
  • Hoell A., M. Barlow, F. Cannon and T. Xu (April 2017): Oceanic Origins of Historical Southwest Asia Precipitation During the Boreal Cold Season. J. Climate, 30, 2885-2903. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0519.10.
  • Hoell A., C. Funk, J. Zinke and L. Harrison (April 2017): Modulation of the Southern Africa precipitation response to the El Niño Southern Oscillation by the subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole. Clim. Dyn., 48(7-8), 2529-2540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380.
  • Hoell A., M. P. Hoerling, , X.-W. Quan and B. Liebmann (March 2017): Reconciling Theories for Human and Natural Attribution of Recent East Africa Drying. J. Climate, 30, 1939-1957. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0558.10.
  • Jacox M. G., M. A. Alexander, C. A. Stock and G. Hervieux (March 2017): On the skill of seasonal sea surface temperature forecasts in the California Current System and its connection to ENSO variability. Clim. Dyn., ONLINE, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3608-y0.
  • Polvani L. M., L. Sun, A. Butler, J. H. Richter and C. Deser (March 2017): Distinguishing stratospheric sudden warmings from ENSO as key drivers of wintertime climate variability over the North Atlantic and Eurasia. J. Climate, 30, 1959-1969. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0277.10.
  • Stevenson S. N., A. Capotondi and J. T. Fasullo (March 2017): Forced changes to twentieth century ENSO diversity in a last Millennium context. Clim. Dyn., ONLINE, https://doi.org/0.1007/s00382-017-3573-50.
  • Zhang T., X. Shao and S. Li (December 2017): Impacts of atmospheric processes on ENSO Asymmetry: A comparison between CESM1 and CCSM4. J. Climate, 30, 9743-9762. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0360.10

2016

  • Fan L., S.-I. Shin, Z. Liu and Q. Liu (October 2016): Sensitivity of Asian Summer Monsoon precipitation to tropical sea surface temperature anomalies. Clim. Dyn., 47(7-8), 2501-2514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-2978-x.
  • Valdés-Pineda R., J. B. Valdés, H. F. Diaz and R. Pizarro-Tapia (June 2016): Analysis of spatio-temporal changes in annual and seasonal precipitation variability in South America-Chile and related ocean–atmosphere circulation patterns. Int. J. Climatol., 36(8), 2979-3001. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4532
  • Antico A., M. E. Torres and H. F. Diaz (June 2016): Contributions of different time scales to extreme Paraná floods. Clim. Dyn., 46(11), 3785-3792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2804-x.
  • Cannon F. , L. M. V. Carvalho, C. Jones, A. Hoell, J. Norris, G. N. Kiladis and A. A. Tahir (April 2016): The influence of tropical forcing on extreme winter precipitation in the western Himalaya. Clim. Dyn., ONLINE, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3137-0.
  • Diaz H. F., E. R. Wahl, E. Zorita, T. W. Giambelluca and J. K. Eischeid (August 2016): A Five-Century Reconstruction of Hawaiian Islands Winter Rainfall. J. Climate, 29, 5661-5674. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0815.1.
  • Hoell A., M. P. Hoerling, J. K. Eischeid, K. Wolter, R. M. Dole, J. Perlwitz, T. Xu and L. Cheng (January 2016): Does El Niño Intensity Matter for California Precipitation? Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(2), 819-825. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067102.
  • Hoell A., M. P. Hoerling, J. K. Eischeid, X.-W. Quan and B. Liebmann (December 2016): Reconciling Theories for Human and Natural Attribution of Recent East Africa Drying. J. Climate, ONLINE, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0558.1.
  • McEvoy D. J., J. L. Huntington, J. F. Mejia and M. T. Hobbins (January 2016): Improved seasonal drought forecasts using reference evapotranspiration anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(1), 377-385. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067009.
  • Polvani L. M., L. Sun, A. Butler, J. H. Richter and C. Deser (November 2016): Distinguishing stratospheric sudden warmings from ENSO as key drivers of wintertime climate variability over the North Atlantic and Eurasia. J. Climate, ONLINE, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0277.1.
  • Schubert S. D., R. E. Stewart, H. Wang, . . ., M. P. Hoerling, et al. (June 2016): Global Meteorological Drought: A Synthesis of Current Understanding with a Focus on SST Drivers of Precipitation Deficits. J. Climate, 29, 3989-4019. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0452.1.
  • Sun Y., F. Wang and D.-Z. Sun (March 2016): Weak ENSO asymmetry due to weak nonlinear air–sea interaction in CMIP5 climate models. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 33 (3), 352-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-5018-6
  • Valdés-Pineda R., J. B. Valdés, and R. Pizarro-Tapia (June 2016): Analysis of spatio-temporal changes in annual and seasonal precipitation variability in South America-Chile and related ocean–atmosphere circulation patterns. Int. J. Climatol., 36(8), 2979-3001. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4532
  • Zhang T., M. P. Hoerling, J. Perlwitz and T. Xu (April 2016): Forced Atmospheric Teleconnections during 1979–2014. J. Climate, 29(7), 2333-2357. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0226.1.
  • Zhang T., M. P. Hoerling, J. Perlwitz and T. Xu (April 2016): Forced Atmospheric Teleconnections during 1979–2014. J. Climate, 29(7), 2333-2357. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0226.1
  • McEvoy D. J., J. L. Huntington, J. F. Mejia and M. T. Hobbins (January 2016): Improved seasonal drought forecasts using reference evapotranspiration anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(1), 377-385. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067009

2015

  • Bonfils C. J. W., B. D. Santer, T. J. Phillips, K. Marvel, L. R. Leung, C. Doutriaux and A. Capotondi (December 2015): Relative Contributions of Mean-State Shifts and ENSO-Driven Variability to Precipitation Changes in a Warming Climate. J. Climate, 28, 9997-10013. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0341.1.
  • Bracken C., B. Rajagopalan, M. A. Alexander and S. Gangopadhyay (May 2015): Spatial variability of seasonal extreme precipitation in the western United States. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120 (10), 4522-4533. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023205.
  • Capotondi A. (February 2015): Atmospheric science: Extreme La Niña events to increase. Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 100-101. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2509.
  • Capotondi A. and P. D. Sardeshmukh (November 2015): Optimal precursors of different types of ENSO events. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42 (22), 9952-9960. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066171.
  • Capotondi A., A. Wittenberg, M. Newman, E. Di Lorenzo, et al. (June 2015): Understanding ENSO diversity. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96(6), 921-938. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00117.1.
  • Capotondi A., Y. Ham, A. Wittenberg and J. Kug (January 2015): Climate model biases and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulation. US CLIVAR Variations, 13, 21-25.
  • Di Lorenzo E., G. Liguori, N. Schneider, J. C. Furtado, B. T. Anderson and M. A. Alexander (November 2015): ENSO and meridional modes: A null hypothesis for Pacific climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42 (21), 9440-9448. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066281.
  • Hoell A., M. P. Hoerling, J. K. Eischeid, K. Wolter, R. M. Dole, J. Perlwitz, T. Xu and L. Cheng (December 2015): Does El Niño Intensity Matter for California Precipitation? Geophys. Res. Lett., ONLINE, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067102.
  • Hua L. , Y. Yu and D.-Z. Sun (February 2015): A Further Study of ENSO Rectification: Results from an OGCM with a Seasonal Cycle. J. Climate, 28(4), 1362-1382. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00404.1.
  • Kim H.-M. and M. A. Alexander (May 2015): ENSO’s Modulation of Water Vapor Transport over the Pacific–North American Region. J. Climate, 28 (9), 3846-3856. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00725.1.
  • Longman R. J., H. F. Diaz and T. W. Giambelluca (November 2015): Sustained Increases in Lower-Tropospheric Subsidence over the Central Tropical North Pacific Drive a Decline in High-Elevation Rainfall in Hawaii. J. Climate, 28, 8743-8759. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0006.1.
  • Richter J. H., C. Deser and L. Sun (December 2015): Effects of stratospheric variability on El Niño teleconnections. Environ. Res. Lett., 10 (124021), https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124021.
  • Seager R., M. P. Hoerling, S. Schubert, et al. (September 2015): Causes of the 2011–14 California Drought. J. Climate, 28 (18), 6997-7024. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00860.1.
  • Ying K., T. Zhao, X.-W. Quan, X. Zheng and C. S. Frederiksen (July 2015): Interannual variability of autumn to spring seasonal precipitation in eastern China. Clim. Dyn., 45 (1), 253-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2411-2.

2014

  • Diaz H. F., R. S. Bradley and L. Ning (November 2014): Climatic changes in mountain regions of the American Cordillera and the Tropics: Historical changes and future outlook. Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res., 46 (4), 735-743. https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.735.
  • Liebmann B., M. P. Hoerling, C. Funk, I. Bladé, R. M. Dole, D. Allured, X.-W. Quan, P. Pegion and J. K. Eischeid (December 2014): Understanding Recent Eastern Horn of Africa Rainfall Variability and Change. J. Climate, 27 (23), 8630-8645. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00714.1.
  • Sandeep S., F. Stordal, P. D. Sardeshmukh and G. P. Compo (July 2014): Pacific Walker Circulation variability in coupled and uncoupled climate models. Clim. Dyn., 43 (1-2), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2135-3.
  • Solomon A. (October 2014): Using Initialized Hindcasts to Assess Simulations of 1970–2009 Equatorial Pacific SST, Zonal Wind Stress, and Surface Flux Trends. J. Climate, 27 (19), 7385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00709.1.
  • Sun D.-Z., T. Zhang, Y. Sun and Y. Yu (April 2014): Rectification of El Niño–Southern Oscillation into Climate Anomalies of Decadal and Longer Time Scales: Results from Forced Ocean GCM Experiments. J. Climate, 27 (7), 2545-2561. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00390.133333.
  • Sun D.-Z., T. Zhang, Y. Sun and Y. Yu (April 2014): Rectification of El Niño–Southern Oscillation into Climate Anomalies of Decadal and Longer Time Scales: Results from Forced Ocean GCM Experiments. J. Climate, 27 (7), 2545-2561. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00390.1.
  • Vimont D. J., M. A. Alexander and M. Newman (June 2014): Optimal growth of Central and East Pacific ENSO events. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41 (11), 4027-4034. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059997.
  • Wahl E. R., H. F. Diaz, J. E. Smerdon and C. M. Ammann (November 2014): Late winter temperature response to large tropical volcanic eruptions in temperate western North America: Relationship to ENSO phases. Global and Planetary Change, 122, 238-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.08.005.
  • Zhang T. and D.-Z. Sun (June 2014): ENSO Asymmetry in CMIP5 Models. J. Climate, 27(11), 4070-4093. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00454.1.
  • Zhang T., J. Perlwitz and M. P. Hoerling (February 2014): What is responsible for the strong observed asymmetry in teleconnections between El Niño and La Niña? Geophys. Res. Lett., 41 (3), 1019-1025. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058964.

2013

  • Berg N., A. Hall, S. B. Capps and M. Hughes (January 2013): El Niño-Southern Oscillation impacts on winter winds over Southern California. Clim. Dyn., 40(1-2), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1461-6.
  • Capotondi A. (October 2013): ENSO diversity in the NCAR CCSM4 climate model. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118(10), 4755-4770. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20335.
  • Capotondi A., E. Guilyardi and B. Kirtman (August 2013): Challenges in understanding and modeling ENSO. PAGES News, 21(2), 58-59.
  • Capotondi A. and A. Wittenberg (August 2013): ENSO diversity in climate models. U.S. CLIVAR Variations, 11(2), 10-13.
  • Chen L., Y. Yu and D.-Z. Sun (July 2013): Cloud and Water Vapor Feedbacks to the El Niño Warming: Are They Still Biased in CMIP5 Models? J. Climate, 26(14), 4947-4961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1461-6.
  • Newman M. (July 2013): An Empirical Benchmark for Decadal Forecasts of Global Surface Temperature Anomalies. J. Climate, 26(14), 5260-5269. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00590.1.
  • Ogata T., S.-P. Xie, A. Wittenberg and D.-Z. Sun (September 2013): Interdecadal Amplitude Modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Its Impact on Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability. J. Climate, 26 (18), 7280-7297. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00415.1.
  • Pegion K. and A. Kumar (December 2013): Does An ENSO-Conditional Skill Mask Improve Seasonal Predictions? Mon. Weather Rev., 141 (12), 4515-4533. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00317.1.
  • Pegion K. and M. A. Alexander (September 2013): The seasonal footprinting mechanism in CFSv2: simulation and impact on ENSO prediction. Clim. Dyn., 41 (5-6), 1671-1683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1887-5 .
  • Ryoo J.-M., Y. Kaspi, D. W. Waugh, G. N. Kiladis, et al. (September 2013): Impact of Rossby Wave Breaking on U.S. West Coast Winter Precipitation during ENSO Events. J. Climate, 26 (17), 6360-6382. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00297.1.
  • Sheffield J., S. J. Camargo, R. Fu, . . ., D.-Z. Sun, . . ., T. Zhang and M. Zhao (December 2013): North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. Part II: Evaluation of Historical Simulations of Intraseasonal to Decadal Variability. J. Climate, 26 (23), 9247-9290. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00593.1.
  • Shuai J., Z. Zhang, D.-Z. Sun, F. Tao and P. Shi (December 2013): ENSO, climate variability and crop yields in China. Clim. Res., 58 (2), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01194.
  • Silva Dias M. A. F., J. Dias, L. M. V. Carvalho, E. D. Freitas and P. L. S. Dias (February 2013): Changes in extreme daily rainfall for São Paulo, Brazil. Clim. Change, 116(3-4), 705-722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0504-7.
  • Sun Y., D.-Z. Sun, L. Wu and F. Wang (May 2013): Western pacific warm pool and ENSO asymmetry in CMIP3 models. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 30(3), 940-953. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-012-2161-1.

2012

  • Alexander M. A., H. Seo, S. P. Xie and J. D. Scott (May 2012): ENSO’s Impact on the Gap Wind Regions of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 25 (10), 3549-3565. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00320.1.
  • Deser C., A. S. Phillips, R. A. Tomas, Y. M. Okumura, M. A. Alexander, A. Capotondi, J. D. Scott, et al. (April 2012): ENSO and Pacific Decadal Variability in the Community Climate System Model Version 4. J. Climate, 25 (8), 2622-2651. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00301.1.
  • Guilyardi E., W. Cai, M. Collins, A. Fedorov, F. F. Jin, A. Kumar, D.-Z. Sun and A. Wittenberg (February 2012): New strategies for evaluating ENSO processes in climate models. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 235-238. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00106.1.
  • Liang J., X.-Q. Yang and D.-Z. Sun (November 2012): The Effect of ENSO Events on the Tropical Pacific Mean Climate: Insights from an Analytical Model. J. Climate, 25 (21), 7590-7606. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00490.1.
  • Solomon A. and M. Newman (September 2012): Reconciling disparate twentieth-century Indo-Pacific ocean temperature trends in the instrumental record. Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 691-699. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1591.

2011

  • Captondi, A., 2010: El Niño-Southern Oscillation ocean dynamics: Simulation by coupled general circulation models, in Climate Dynamics: Why Does Climate Vary?, AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, 189, 123-148. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GM000796.
  • Di Lorenzo, K. M. Cobb, J. Furtado, N. Schneider, B. Anderson, A. Bracco, M. A. Alexander, and D. Vimont, 2010 (October): Central Pacific El Niño and decadal climate change in the North Pacific. Nature Geosciences, 3(11), 762-765. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO984.
  • Newman, M., S.-I. Shin, and M. A. Alexander, 2011 (July): Natural variation in ENSO flavors. Geophys. Res. Lett., L14705. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047658.
  • Penland, C., D.-Z. Sun, A. Capotondi and D. J. Vimont, 2010 (December): A brief introduction to El Niño and La Niña. Chapter 3 in Climate Dynamics: Why does Climate Vary?, Geoph. Monog. Series, 189, 53-64, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GM000846.
  • Sun, D.-Z., 2010 (December): Extratropical air-sea interaction, The diabatic and nonlinear aspects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation: Implications for its past and future behavior, in Climate Dynamics: Why Does Climate Vary?, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., 189, 79-103. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GM000865.
  • Wolter, K., M. S. Timlin, 2011(June): El Niño/Southern Oscillation behaviour since 1871 as diagnosed in an extended multivariate ENSO index (MEI.ext), Int. Jour. Climatol., 31: 1074-1087. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2336.
  • Zhang, T., M. P. Hoerling, J. Perlwitz, D.-Z. Sun, and D. Murray, 2011 (September): Physics of U.S. surface temperature response to ENSO forcing. J. Climate, 24, 4874-4887. https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3944.1.

2010

2009

  • Guilyardi, E., A. Wittenberg, A. Fedorov, M. Collins, C. Wang, A. Capotondi, G. J. van Oldenborgh, and T. Stockdale, 2009: Understanding El Niño in ocean-atmosphere general circulation models: Progress and challenges. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 90, 325-340.
  • Huang, H. P., A. W. Robertson, Y. Kushnir, and S. Peng, 2009: Hindcasts of Tropical Atlantic SST Gradient and South American Precipitation: The Influences of the ENSO Forcing and the Atlantic Preconditioning. J. Climate, 22(9), 2405-2421, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2569.1.
  • Newman M.,P. D. Sardeshmukh, and Cécile Penland, 2009: How Important Is Air-Sea Coupling in ENSO and MJO Evolution? J. Climate, 22(11), 2958-2977. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2659.1.
  • Yu, Y., and D.-Z. Sun, 2009: Response of ENSO and the Mean State of the Tropical Pacific to Extratropical Cooling and Warming: A Study Using the IAP Coupled Model. J. Climate, 22(22), 5902-5917, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2902.1.
  • Zhang, T., D. Z. Sun, R. Neale and P. J. Rasch (2009), An Evaluation of ENSO Asymmetry in the Community Climate System Models: A View from the Subsurface, Journal of Climate, 22(22), 5933-5961, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2933.1.

2008

  • Blade, I., M. Newman, Michael A. Alexander, and James D. Scott, 2008: "The Late Fall Extratropical Response to ENSO: Sensitivity to Coupling and Convection in the Tropical West Pacific." J. Climate 21(23), 6101-6118.
  • Capotondi, A., 2008: Can the mean structure of the tropical pycnocline affect ENSO period in coupled climate models? Ocean Modelling, 20, 157-169.
  • Garcia-Herrera, R., H. F. Diaz, R. R. Garcia, M. R. Prieto, D. Barriopedro, R. Moyano and E. Hernandez, 2008: A chronology of El Niño events from primary documentary sources in northern Peru. J. Climate, 21, 1948-1962.
  • Penland C., D.-Z.Sun, and A. Capontondi, 2008: An Introduction to El Niño and La Niña. To appear in "Climate Dynamics: Why Does Climate Vary?". AGU Geophysical Monograph, Edited by D.-Z. Sun and F. Bryan, AGU.
  • Zhang, T., and D.-Z. Sun, 2008: What Causes the Excessive Response of the Clear-Sky Greenhouse Effect to El Niño Warming in the NCAR Community Atmosphere Models? J. Geophys. Research, 113, D02108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009247.

2007

  • Sun, D.-Z., 2007: The Role of ENSO in Regulating its Background State. In "Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosciences", pages 537-555, Springer New York, 604 pages, Edited by J. Elsner and A. Tsonis.

2006

  • Capotondi, A., A. Wittenberg, and S. Masina, 2006: Spatial and temporal structure of tropical Pacific interannual variability in 20th century climate simulations. Ocean Modeling, 15, 274-298.
  • Deser, C., A. Capotondi, R. Saravanan, and A. Phillips, 2006: Tropical Pacific and Atlantic climate variability in CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2451-2481.
  • Krishna Kumar, B. Rajagopalan, M. Hoerling, G. Bates, and M. Cane, 2006: Unraveling the mystery of Indian Monsoon Failure during El Niño. Science, 314, 115-119, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131152.
  • Lin, J.-L., G. N. Kiladis, B. E. Mapes, K. M. Weickmann, K. R. Sperber, W. Lin, M. C. Wheeler, S. D. Schubert, A. Del Genio, L. J. Donner, S. Emori, J.-F. Gueremy, F. Hourdin, P. J. Rasch, E. Roeckner, and J. F. Scinocca, 2006: Tropical Intraseasonal Variability in 14 IPCC AR4 Climate Models. Part I: Convective Signals. J. Climate, 19, 2665-2690, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3735.1.
  • Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 2006: "Studies of El Niño and interdecadal variability in tropical sea surface temperatures using a nonnormal filter." J. Climate, 19, 5796-5815, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3951.1.
  • Straub, K. H., G. N. Kiladis, and P. E. Ciesielski, 2006: The role of equatorial waves in the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon and the demise of El Niño during 1998. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2006.02.005.
  • Sun, D.-Z. and T. Zhang 2006: A Regulatory Effect of ENSO on the Time-Mean Thermal Stratification of the Equatorial Upper Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L07710, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025296

2005

  • Capotondi, A., M. A. Alexander, C. Deser, and M. McPhaden, 2005: Anatomy and decadal evolution of the Pacific Subtropical-Tropical Cells (STCs). J. Climate, 18, 3739-3758.
  • Solomon, A., and F.-F. Jin, 2005: A study of the impact of off-equatorial warm pool SST anomalies on ENSO cycles. J. Climate, 18, 274-286. [Abstract].

2004

  • Alexander, M. A., N.-C. Lau, and J. D. Scott, 2004: Broadening the atmospheric bridge paradigm: ENSO telecommunications to the tropical West Pacific-Indian Oceans over the seasonal cycle and to the North Pacific in summer. In Earth's Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, and J. A Carton (Eds.), AGU, 85-103. [Abstract].
  • Ambrizzi, T., E. B. de Souza, and R. S. Pulwarty, 2004: The Hadley and Walker regional circulations and associated ENSO impacts on South American seasonal rainfall. In The Hadley Circulation: Present, Past, and Future, H. F. Diaz and R. S. Bradley (Eds.), Kluwer Academic, 203-235. [Abstract].
  • Flugel, M., P. Chang, and C. Penland, 2004: The role of stochastic forcing in modulating ENSO predictability. J. Climate, 17, 3125-3140. [Abstract].
  • Shinoda, T., H. H. Hendon, and M. A. Alexander, 2004: Surface and subsurface dipole variability in the Indian Ocean and its relation with ENSO. Deep Sea Res., 51, 619-635. [Abstract].
  • Sun, D.-Z., 2004: The control of meridional differentialsurface heating over the level of ENSO activity: A heat-pump hypothesis In Earth's Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, and J. A Carton (Eds.), AGU, 71-83. [Abstract].
  • Sun, D.-Z., T. Zhang, and S.-I. Shin, 2004: The effect of subtropical cooling on the amplitude of ENSO: A numerical study. J. Climate, 17, 3786-3798. [Abstract].

2003

  • Ewald, B., C. Penland, and R. Temam, 2003: Accurate integration of stochastic climate models with application to El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., in press. [Abstract].
  • Hendon, H. H., 2003: Indonesian rainfall variability: Impacts of ENSO and local air-sea interaction. J. Climate, 16, 1775-1790. [Abstract].
  • Newman, M., G. P. Compo, and M. A. Alexander, 2003: ENSO-forced variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. J. Climate, in press. [Abstract].
  • Sun, D.-Z., 2003: The control of surface heating over the magnitude of El Niño warming: A "heat pump" hypothesis for ENSO. In Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, and J. Carton (Eds.), AGU, in press.
  • Kumar, A., and M. P. Hoerling, 2003: The nature and causes for the delayed atmospheric response to El Niño. J. Climate, 16, 1391-1403. [Abstract].
  • Pulwarty, R. S., K. Broad, and T. Finan, 2003: Science, vulnerability and the search for equity: El Niño events, forecasts and decision-making in Peru and Brazil. In Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People, G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, and T. Hilhorst (Eds.), Earthscan, in press. [Abstract].
  • Sun, D.-Z., 2003: The control of surface heating over the magnitude of El Niño warming: A "heat pump" hypothesis for ENSO. In Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, and J. Carton (Eds.), AGU, in press.
  • Sun, D.-Z., 2003: A possible effect of an increase in the warm-pool SST on the magnitude of El Niño warming. J. Climate, 16, 185-205. [Abstract].

2002

  • Alexander, M. A., I. Blade, M. Newman, J. R. Lanzante, N.-C. Lau, and J. D. Scott, 2002: The atmospheric bridge: The influence of ENSO teleconnections on air-sea interaction over the global oceans. J. Climate, 15, 2205-2231. [Abstract].
  • Alexander, M. A., and J. D. Scott, 2002: The influence of ENSO on air-sea interaction in the Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(14), 4 pp. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014347
  • Hoerling, M. P., and A. Kumar, 2002: Atmospheric response patterns associated with tropical forcing. J. Climate, 15, 2184-2203. [Abstract].
  • Penland, C., 2002: On the perception of probabilistic forecasts. In La Niña and Its Impacts: Facts and Speculation, M. H. Glantz (ed.), United Nations University Press, 253-255.

2001

  • Bergman, J. W., H. H. Hendon, and K. M. Weickmann, 2001: Intraseasonal air-sea interaction and the onset of ENSO. J. Climate, 14, 1702-1719. [Abstract].
  • Compo, G. P., P. D. Sardeshmukh, and C. Penland, 2001: Changes of subseasonal variability associated with El Niño. J. Climate, 14, 3356-3374. [Abstract].
  • Diaz, H. F., M. P. Hoerling, and J. K. Eischeid, 2001: ENSO variability, teleconnections, and climate change. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 1845-1862. [Abstract].
  • Hoerling, M. P., A. Kumar, and T. Xu, 2001: Robustness of the nonlinear climate response to ENSO's extreme phases. J. Climate, 14, 1277-1293. [Abstract].
  • Pulwarty, R. S., and T. S. Melis, 2001: Climate extremes and adaptive management on the Colorado River: Lessons from the 1997-1998 ENSO event. J. Environ. Manage., 63, 307-324. [Abstract].
  • Zhang, C., H. H. Hendon, W. S. Kessler, and A. J. Rosati, 2001: A workshop on the MJO and ENSO. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 82, 971-976. [Abstract].

2000

  • Diaz H .F., and V. Markgraf (Eds.), 2000: El Niño and the Southern Oscillation: Multiscale Variability and Global and Regional Impacts, Cambridge University Press, 496 pp. [Back Cover] [Abstract].
  • Hoerling, M. P., and A. Kumar, 2000: Understanding and predicting extratropical teleconnections related to ENSO. In El Niño and the Southern Oscillation: Multi-scale Variations and Global and Regional Impacts, H.F. Diaz and V. Markgraf (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 57-88. [Abstract] Winner of NOAA Research's Outstanding Scientific Paper Award
  • Kumar, A., A. Barnston, P. Peng, M. P. Hoerling, and L. Goddard, 2000: Changes in the spread of the seasonal mean atmospheric states associated with ENSO. J. Climate, 13, 3139-3151. [Abstract].
  • Markgraf, V. and H. F. Diaz, 2000: The past ENSO record: A synthesis. In El Niño and the Southern Oscillation: Multiscale Variability and Global and Regional Impacts, H. F. Diaz and V. Markgraf (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 465-488. [Abstract].
  • Sardeshmukh, P. D., G. P. Compo, and C. Penland, 2000: Changes of probability associated with El Niño. J. Climate, 13, 4268-4286. [Abstract] Winner of NOAA Research's Outstanding Scientific Paper Award
  • Sun, D.-Z., 2000: Global climate change and El Niño: A theoretical framework. In El Niño and the Southern Oscillation: Multiscale Variability and Global and Regional Impacts, H. F. Diaz and V. Markgraf (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 443-463. [Abstract].
  • Smith, C. A., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 2000: The effect of ENSO on the intraseasonal variance of surface temperature in winter. Int. J. Climatol., 20, 1543-1557. [Abstract].

1999

  • Barsugli, J. J., J. S. Whitaker, A. F. Loughe, P. D. Sardeshmukh, and Z. Toth, 1999: Effect of the 1997-98 El Niño on individual large-scale weather events. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 80, 1399-1411. [Abstract].
  • Shaw, J. A., J. J. Bates, H. M. Zorn, and J. H. Churnside, 1999: Observations of downwelling infrared radiance at Mauna Loa, Hawaii during the 1997-1998 ENSO event. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1727-1730. [Abstract].
  • Wolter, K. E., R. M. Dole, and C. A. Smith, 1999: Short-term climate extremes over the continental U.S. and ENSO, Part I: Seasonal temperatures. J. Climate, 12, 3255-3272. [Abstract].

1998

  • Kumar, A., and M. P. Hoerling, 1998: Annual cycle of Pacific/North American seasonal predictability associated with different phases of ENSO. J. Climate, 11, 3295-3308. [Abstract].
  • Shinoda, T., and H. H. Hendon, 1998: Mixed layer modeling of intraseasonal sea surface temperature variability in the tropical western Pacific and Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 11, 2668-2685. [Abstract].
  • Shinoda, T., H. H. Hendon, and J. D. Glick, 1998: Intraseasonal variability of surface fluxes and sea surface temperature in the tropical western Pacific and Indian Oceans. J. Climate, 7, 1685-1702. [Abstract].
  • Sun, D. Z., and K. E. Trenberth, 1998: Coordinated heat removal from the equatorial Pacific during the 1986-87 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2659-2662. [Abstract].
  • Wolter, K., and M. S. Timlin, 1998: Measuring the strength of ENSO events: How does 1997/98 rank? Weather, 53, 315-324. [Abstract].

1997

  • Hoerling, M. P., A. Kumar, and M. Zhong, 1997: El Niño, La Niña, and the nonlinearity of their teleconnections. J. Climate, 10, 1769-1786. [Abstract].
  • Hoerling, M. P., and A. Kumar, 1997: Why do North American climate anomalies differ from one El Niño event to another? Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1059-1062. [Abstract].
  • Hoerling, M. P., and A. Kumar, 1997: Origins of extreme climate states during the 1982-83 ENSO winter. J. Climate, 10, 2859-2870. [Abstract].
  • Kumar, A., and M. P. Hoerling, 1997: Interpretation and implications of observed inter-El Niño variability. J. Climate, 10, 83-91. [Abstract].
  • Post, M. J., C. F. Fairall, J. B. Snider, Y. Han, A. B. White, W. L Ecklund, K. M. Weickmann, P. K. Quinn, D. I. Cooper, S. M. Sekelsky, R. E. McIntosh, P. Minnett, and R. O. Knuteson, 1997: The Combined Senson Program: An air-sea science mission in the central and western Pacific Ocean. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 78, 2797-2815. [Abstract].
  • Sun, D.-Z., 1997: El Niño: A coupled response to radiative heating? Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2031-2034. [Abstract].

1995

  • Deser, C., and M. L. Blackmon, 1995: On the relationship between tropical and north Pacific sea surface temperature variations. J. Climate, 8, 1677-1680. [Abstract].

1994

  • Diaz, H. F., and R. S. Pulwarty, 1994: An analysis of the time scales of variability in centuries-long ENSO-sensitive records in the last 1000 years. Climate Change, 26, 317-342. Reprinted in The Medieval Warm Period, M. K. Hughes and H. F. Diaz (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 317-342. [Abstract].
  • Hoerling, M. P., and M. Ting, 1994: On the organization of extratropical transients during El Niño. J. Climate, 7, 745-766. [Abstract].
  • Joseph, P. V., J. K. Eischeid, and R. J. Pyle, 1994: Interannual variability of the onset of the Indian summer monsoon and its association with atmospheric features, El Niño, and sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 7, 81-105. [Abstract].
  • Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 1994: A balance condition for stochastic numerical models with application to the El Niño – outhern Oscillation. J. Climate, 7, 1352-1372. [Abstract].

1993

  • Sardeshmukh, P. D., and B. Liebmann, 1993: An assessment of interannual variability in the tropics as indicated by some proxies of tropical convection. J. Climate, 6, 569-575. [Abstract].
  • Ting, M., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1993: Factors determining the extratropical response to equatorial diabatic heating anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 907-918. [Abstract].

1992

  • Fu, C., H. F. Diaz, and H. Fan, 1992: Variability in latent heat flux over the tropical Pacific in association with two recent ENSO events. Adv. in Atmos. Sci., 9, 351-358. [Abstract].
  • Diaz, H. F., and V. Markgraf, 1992: El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Cambridge University Press, 476 pp. [Back Cover] [Abstract].
  • Diaz, H. F., V. Markgraf, and M. K. Hughes, 1992: Synthesis and future prospects. In El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Cambridge University Press, 463-471.
  • Diaz, H. F., and R. S. Pulwarty, 1992: A comparison of Southern Oscillation and El Niño signals in the tropics. In El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation, H. F. Diaz and V. Markgraf (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 175-192. [Abstract].
  • Diaz, H. F., and G. N. Kiladis, 1992: Atmospheric teleconnections associated with the extreme phases of the Southern Oscillation. In El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation, H. F. Diaz and V. Markgraf (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 7-28. [Abstract].
  • Diaz, H. F., and V. Markgraf, 1992: El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Cambridge University Press, 476 pp. [Back Cover] [Abstract].
  • Diaz, H. F., V. Markgraf, and M. K. Hughes, 1992: Synthesis and future prospects. In El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Cambridge University Press, 463-471.
  • Hoerling, M. P., M. Ting, and M. L. Blackmon, 1992: Simulating the atmospheric response to the 1985-87 El Niño cycle. J. Climate, 5, 669-682. [Abstract].
  • Kiladis, G. N., and K. M. Weickmann, 1992: Extratropical forcing of tropical Pacific convection during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1924-1939. [Abstract].
  • Kiladis, G. N., and K. M. Weickmann, 1992: Circulation anomalies associated with tropical convection during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1900-1923. [Abstract].

1991

  • Bates, J. J., 1991: High-frequency variability of special sensor microwave/imager derived wind speed and moisture during an intraseasonal oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3411-3423. [Abstract].
  • Joseph, P. V., B. Liebmann, and H. H. Hendon, 1991: Interannual variability of the Australian summer monsoon onset: Possible influence of Indian summer monsoon and El Niño. J. Climate, 4, 529-538. [Abstract].
  • Weickmann, K. M., 1991: El Niño/Southern Oscillation and Madden-Julian (30-60 day) oscillations during 1981-1982. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3187-3195. [Abstract].

1990

  • Blackmon, M. L., 1990: Monte Carlo simulation of the atmospheric response to global sea surface temperature anomalies during two recent ENSO episodes. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, J. Chao and J. A. Young (Eds.), China Ocean Press, 365-381. [Abstract].

1989

  • Kiladis, G. N., and H. F. Diaz, 1989: Global climatic anomalies associated with extremes in the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 2, 1069-1090. [Abstract].

1988

  • Kiladis, G. N., and H. Van Loon, 1988: The Southern Oscillation. Part VII: Meteorological anomalies over the Indian and Pacific sectors associated with the extremes of the oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 120-136. [Abstract].
  • Von Storch, H., H. Van Loon, and G. N. Kiladis, 1988: The Southern Oscillation. Part VIII: Model sensitivity to SST anomalies in the tropical and subtropical regions of the South Pacific Convergence Zone. J. Climate, 1, 325-332. [Abstract].

1987

  • Bradley, R. S., H. F. Diaz, G. N. Kiladis, and J. K. Eischeid, 1987: ENSO signal in continental temperature and precipitation records. Nature, 327, 497-501. [Abstract].
  • Diaz, H. F., and C. Fu, 1987: Regional precipitation and temperature variability and its relationship to the Southern Oscillation. In The Climate of China and Global Climate, D. Ye, C. Fu, J. Chao, and M. Yoshino (Eds.), China Ocean Press and Springer-Verlag, 213-223. [Abstract].
  • Fu, C., H. F. Diaz, and J. O. Fletcher, 1987: Characteristics of the response of sea surface temperature in the Central Pacific associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation. In The Climate of China and Global Climate, D. Ye, C. Fu, J. Chao, and M. Yoshino (Eds.), China Ocean Press and Springer-Verlag, 177-201. [Abstract].

Present-2009

  • Brady R. X., N. S. Lovenduski, M. A. Alexander, M. G. Jacox and N. Gruber (January 2019): On the role of climate modes in modulating the air–sea CO2 fluxes in eastern boundary upwelling systems. Biogeosci., 16, 329-349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-329-2019.
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  • Grothe P. R., K. M. Cobb, G. Liguori, E. Di Lorenzo, A. Capotondi, H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, et al. (April 2020): Enhanced El Niño‐Southern Oscillation variability in recent decades. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47 (7), e2019GL083906. doi:10.1029/2019GL083906
  • Carréric A., B. Dewitte, W. Cai, A. Capotondi, K. Takahashi, S.-W. Yeh, G. Wang and V. Guémas (November 2019): Change in strong Eastern Pacific El Niño events dynamics in the warming climate. Clim. Dyn., 54, 901-918. doi:10.1007/s00382-019-05036-0
  • Cordero-Quirós N., A. J. Miller, A. Subramanian, J. Y. Luo and A. Capotondi (October 2019): Composite physical–biological El Niño and La Niña conditions in the California Current System in CESM1-POP2-BEC. Ocean Model., 142, p. 101439. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.101439
  • Hoell A. and J. K. Eischeid (September 2019): On the interpretation of seasonal Southern Africa precipitation prediction skill estimates during Austral summer. Clim. Dyn., 53, 6769-6783. doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04960-5
  • Zhang T., J. Perlwitz, J. K. Eischeid, D. Murray, M. P. Hoerlingand T. M. Hamill (September 2019): Towards Probabilistic Multivariate ENSO Monitoring. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46 (17-18), 10532-10540. doi:10.1029/2019GL083946
  • Jacox M. G., D. Tommasi, M. A. Alexander, G. Hervieux and C. A. Stock (August 2019): Predicting the Evolution of the 2014–2016 California Current System Marine Heatwave From an Ensemble of Coupled Global Climate Forecasts. Front. Mar. Sci., 6, p. 497. doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00497
  • Martinez-Villalobos C., M. Newman, D. J. Vimont, C. Penland and D. J. Neelin (August 2019): Observed El Niño‐La Niña Asymmetry in a Linear Model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46 (16), 9909-9919. doi:10.1029/2019GL082922
  • Subramanian A., M. A. Balmaseda, R. Chattopadhyay, L. R. Centurioni, B. D. Cornuelle, C. DeMott, T. M. Hamill, et al. (August 2019): Ocean observations to improve our understanding, modeling, and forecasting of subseasonal-to-seasonal variability. Front. Mar. Sci. , 6, p. 427. doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00427
  • Capotondi A., P. D. Sardeshmukh, E. Di Lorenzo, A. Subramanian and A. J. Miller (July 2019): Predictability of US West Coast Ocean Temperatures is not solely due to ENSO. Sci. Reports, 9, p. 10993. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47400-4
  • Slivinski L. C., G. P. Compo, J. S. Whitaker, P. D. Sardeshmukh, J. A. Wang, J. M. Friedman and C. McColl (July 2019): What Is the Impact of Additional Tropical Observations on a Modern Data Assimilation System? Mon. Wea. Rev., 147, 2433-2449. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-18-0120.1
  • Wang J. A., P. D. Sardeshmukh, G. P. Compo, J. S. Whitaker, L. C. Slivinski, C. McColl and P. Pegion (April 2019): Sensitivities of the NCEP Global Forecast System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 147, 1237-1256. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-18-0239.1
  • Ding H., M. Newman, M. A. Alexander and A. T. Wittenberg (February 2019): Diagnosing secular variations in retrospective ENSO seasonal forecast skill using CMIP5 model‐analogs. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46 (3), 1721-1730. doi:10.1029/2018GL080598
  • Brady R. X., N. S. Lovenduski, M. A. Alexander, M. G. Jacox and N. Gruber (January 2019): On the role of climate modes in modulating the air–sea CO2 fluxes in eastern boundary upwelling systems. Biogeosci., 16, 329-349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-329-2019.
  • Stevenson S. N., A. Capotondi and J. T. Fasullo (June 2019): Forced changes to twentieth century ENSO diversity in a last Millennium context. Clim. Dyn., 52 (12), 7359-7374, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3573-5.
  • Brady R. X., N. S. Lovenduski, M. A. Alexander, M. G. Jacox and N. Gruber (January 2019): On the role of climate modes in modulating the air–sea CO2 fluxes in eastern boundary upwelling systems. Biogeosci., 16, 329-349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-329-2019.
  • Albers J. R., J. Perlwitz, A. H. Butler, T. Birner, G. N. Kiladis, Z. D. Lawrence, G. L. Manney, A. O. Langford and J. Dias (January 2018): Mechanisms Governing Interannual Variability of Stratosphere to Troposphere Ozone Transport. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 123(1), 234-260. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026890.
  • Capotondi A. and P. D. Sardeshmukh (October 2018): The Nature of the Stochastic Wind Forcing of ENSO. J. Climate, 31, 8081-8099, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0842.1.
  • Cheng L., M. P. Hoerling., L. Smith. and J. K. Eischeid. (February 2018): Diagnosing Human-Induced Dynamic and Thermodynamic Drivers of Extreme Rainfall. J. Climate, 31, 1029-1051, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0919.1
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  • Hartten L. M., C. J. Cox, P. E. Johnston, D. E. Wolfe, S. Abbott and H. A. McColl (June 2018): Central-Pacific surface meteorology from the 2016 El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) field campaign. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1139-1164, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1139-2018.
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  • Hoell A. (June 2018): Cold Season Southwest Asia Precipitation Sensitivity to El Niño-Southern Oscillation Events. J. Climate, 31, 4463-4482. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0456.1
  • Hoell A. and L. Cheng (May 2018): Austral summer Southern Africa precipitation extremes forced by the El Niño-Southern oscillation and the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole. Clim. Dyn., 50(9-10), 3219-3236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3801-z
  • Newman M., A. Wittenberg, L. Cheng., G. P. Compo. and C. A. Smith. (January 2018): The extreme 2015/16 El Niño, in the context of historical climate variability and change. In Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99(1), S16-S20, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0116.1.
  • Quan X.-W., M. P. Hoerling, L. Smith, J. Perlwitz, T. Zhang, A. Hoell, K. Wolter and J. K. Eischeid (January 2018): Extreme California Rains During Winter 2015-16: A Change in El Niño Teleconnection? In Special Report: Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99(1), S49-S53, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0118.1
  • Thomas E. E., D. J. Vimont, M. Newman, C. Penland and C. Martinez-Villalobos (November 2018): The Role of Stochastic Forcing in Generating ENSO Diversity. J. Climate, 31, 9125-9150, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0582.1.
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