Dixon, K.W. and Harnack, J.P. 1986. `Effect of intraseasonal circulation variability on winter temperature forecast skill', >Mon. Wea. Rev.,114: 208-214.

Downtown,M.W. and Miller, K.A. 1993. `The freeze risk to Florida Citrus, Part II, Temperature Variability and Circulation patterns', J. of Climate,6: 364-372.

Easterling, D.R., Karl, T.R., Mason, E.H., Hughes, P.Y., and Bowman, D.P., 1996. United States Historical Climatology Network (U.S. HCN): Monthly Temperature and Precipitation Data, R.C. Daniels and T.A. Boden, Eds), ORNL/CDIAC-87, NDP-019/R3, Envir. Sciences Div. Pub. No. 4500, Oak ridge National Lab, 83pp. w/append.

Gershunov, A. and Barnett, T. 1998. `ENSO influence on intraseasonal extreme rainfall and temperature frequencies in the contiguous United States, observations and model results', J.of Climate, 11:1575-1586.

Hansen, J.W., Jones, C.F., Kiker, A.W. and Hodges, J. 1999. `El Niño-Southern Oscillation Impacts on Winter Vegetable Production in Florida', J. of Climate,12: 92-102.

Kalnay, E. et al. 1996: `The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project', Bull.of the Amer. Met. Soc., 77:437-471.

Karl, T.R. Knight, R.W., and Plummer, N. 1995. `Trends in high-frequency climate variability in the twentieth century', Nature,377: 217-220.

Kiladas,G.N. and Diaz,H.F. 1989. `Global Climatic anomalies associated with extremes in the Southern Oscillation', J. of Climate,2: 1069-1090.

Mearns,L., Katz,R. and Schneider,S. 1984. `Extreme High-Temperature Events: Changes in their Probabilities with Changes in Mean Temperature', J. of Climate and Appl. Met.,23:1601-1613.

Mote, T.L. 1996. `Influence of ENSO on maximum, minimum and mean temperatures in the Southeast United States', Phys. Geog., 17: 497-512.

Nakamura, H. 1996.'Year-to-Year and Interdecadal Variability in the Activity of Intraseasonal Fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Circulation', Theoretical and Appl. Clim., 55:19-32.

Noel, J. and Changnonm, D. 1998. `A Pilot Study Examining U.S. Winter Cyclone Frequency Patterns Associated with Three ENSO parameters', J. of Climate,11:2152-2159.

Palmer, T.N. and Mansfield, D.A. 1986. `A study of wintertime circulation anomalies during past El Niños events using a high resolution general circulation model. II. variability of the seasonal mean response', QJRMS,112: 639-660.

Plummer, N. 1996. `Temperature variability and extremes over Australia - recent observed changes',Austr. Met. Mag.,45:233-250.

Rayner, N.A., Horton, E.B., Parker, D.E., Folland, C.K., Hackett,R.B.'Version 2.2 of the Global sea-ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set, 1903-1994', September 1996, Climate Research Technical Note 74 (CRTN74), Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell,Berkshire RG12 2SY.

Rogers, J.C. and Yersavich, A. 1988. `Daily air temperature variability associated with climatic variability at Columbus Ohio', Phys. Geog.,9: 120-138.

Ropelewski, C.F. and Halpert, M.S.1986. `North American Precipitation and temperature patterns associated with El Nino/Southern Oscillation', Mon Wea. Rev.,114, 2352-2362.

Ropelewski, C.F. and Jones, P.D. 1987. `An extension of the Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation Index', Mon. Wea. Rev., 115:2161-2165.

Takle, E.S. and Mearns, L. 1995. `Midwest temperature means, extremes and variability: analysis of observed data'. in Carmicheal, Geregory R, Folk,G. and J.L. Schnoor (eds) Preparing for global change: a midwestern perspective. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, SPB Academic Publishing, p 127-132.

White, G.H. 1989. `Skewness, kurtosis and extreme values of Northern Hemisphere geopotential heights', Mon. Wea. Rev., 208: 1446-1455.

Wolter, K., Dole, R., and Smith, C. 1999. `Short-term climate extremes over the continental U.S. and ENSO. Part I: Seasonal temperatures', J. of Climate, in press.