WRIT Pages: Index Time-series

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Information:Index time-series page are listed in the table that follow along with a link to the data values and documentation. While we attempt to keep time-series updated, some time-series may not be. More recent data may be available at the source.. Please also note that indices even for the same phenomena may not be defined the same way. As an example, some teleconnections are defined by a pattern for one season while another source may use a pattern that changes seasonally. Climatologies may differ, input datasets may differ, and so forth. Some index timeseries may not be defined for all months. Users need to look at the data and documentation to determine if it is useful for them and how to interpret results. Also note that all timeseries in the PSL format start in January even if the actual data doesn't start until later in year. Similarly all time-series end in December. Missing values are to fill in 12 months of values, if needed.

Citations: Time-series should be properly cited in publications. Our suggestion is to use italized citation follow by "Accessed [Day] [Month] [Year] from https://psl.noaa.gov/data/writ/". For example

Atlantic Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1. Accessed [Day] [Month] [Year] from https://psl.noaa.gov/data/writ/

Time-series

Ocean Time-series
NameStart Date1End Date1SourceDataset Used (if relevent)Data ValuesCitation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics
Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM)Jan 1948near presentU of WisconsinNCEP R1DataAtlantic Meridional Mode: Chiang, J. C. H., and D. J. Vimont: Analagous meridional modes of atmosphere-ocean variability in the tropical Pacific and tropical Atlantic. J. Climate,17(21), 4143-4158.
Dipole Mode Index DMI (IOD)Jan 1870near presentNOAA/PSLHadISST1.1DataFrom the website http://www.jamstec.go.jp/frcgc/research/d1/iod/iod/dipole_mode_index.html
Hurricane: Atlantic countJan 18512016CSUHURDAT2DataCalculated by Phil Klotzbach from HURDAT2. Atlantic Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1.
The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO)Jan 1950near presentGeorgia TechAVISO SSHaDataFrom their NPGO website. Citation is Di Lorenzo E., Schneider N., Cobb K. M., Chhak, K, Franks P. J. S., Miller A. J., McWilliams J. C., Bograd S. J., Arango H., Curchister E., Powell T. M. and P. Rivere, 2008: North Pacific Gyre Oscillation links ocean climate and ecosystem change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08607, doi:10.1029/2007GL032838.
Hurricane: Atlantic countJan 18512016CSUHURDAT2DataCalculated by Phil Klotzbach from HURDAT2. Atlantic Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1.
Hurricane: Atlantic ACE Jan 18512016CSUHURDAT2DataAtlantic Hurricane ACE. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1.
Hurricane: NW Pacific count Jan 19512016CSUJoint Typhoon Warning Center datasetDataNW Pacific Hurricane Count: Calculated by Phil Klotzbach from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center dataset as archived in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Knapp et al. (2010): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1
Hurricane: NW Pacific ACE Jan 19512016CSUJoint Typhoon Warning Center datasetDataNW Pacific Hurricane Ace: Calculated by Phil Klotzbach from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center dataset as archived in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Knapp et al. (2010): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1.
Hurricane: NE Pacific count Jan 19712016CSUHURDAT2DataNE Pacific Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1.
Hurricane: NE Pacific ACE Jan 19712016CSUHURDAT2DataNE Pacific Hurricane ACE. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1.
Niño 1+2: SST 0N-10S, 90W-80W Jan 1870near presentNOAA/PSLHadISST1.1DataNiño 1+2 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL
Niño 3: SST 5N-5S,150W-90W Jan 1870near presentNOAA/PSLHadISST1.1DataNiño 3 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL.
Niño 3.4: SST 5N-5S,170W-120W Jan 1870near presentNOAA/PSLHadISST1.1DataNiño 3.4 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL.
Niño 4: SST 5N-5S, 160E-150W Jan 1870near presentNOAA/PSLHadISST1.1DataNiño 4 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL.
Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI Extended) Jan 18712005NOAA/PSLICOADSDataMEI: Obtained from https://psl.noaa.gov/enso/mei/ (V1 of MEI).
Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI V2) Jan 1979presentNOAA/PSLICOADSDataMEI: Obtained from https://psl.noaa.gov/enso/mei/.
Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)Jan 1950near presentNOAA/CPCNOAA ERSST V5DataKousky, V.E. and R.W. Higgins, 2007: An Alert Classification System for Monitoring and Assessing the ENSO Cycle. Wea. Forecasting, 22, 353–371,https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF987.1
Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) Jan 1900near presentU of WashingtonVariousDataNathan J. Mantua, Steven R. Hare, Yuan Zhang, John M. Wallace, and Robert C. Francis, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, June, 1997 (Vol 78, pp 1069-1079.
Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) Jan 1948near presentU of WisconsinNCEP R1DataPacific Meridional Mode: Chiang, J. C. H., and D. J. Vimont: Analagous meridional modes of atmosphere-ocean variability in the tropical Pacific and tropical Atlantic. J. Climate,17(21), 4143-4158.
Trans-Niño Index (TNI) Jan 1870near presentNOAA/PSLHadISST1.1DataFrom the PSL TNI webpage
Tripole Index (TPI) Jan 18702015NOAA/PSLHadISST1.1DataHenley, B.J., Gergis, J., Karoly, D.J., Power, S.B., Kennedy, J., & Folland, C.K. (2015). A Tripole Index for the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. Climate Dynamics, 45(11-12), 3077-3090.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2525-1 . Accessed on MM DD YYYY at "/data/timeseries/IPOTPI".
Equatorial Central Pacific Heat Content: 160E-80WJan 1979near presentNOAA/PSLGODASDataFrom GODAS. Behringer, D.W., M. Ji, and A. Leetmaa, 1998: An improved coupled model for ENSO prediction and implications for ocean initialization. Part I: The ocean data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1013-1021

Atmosphere Time-series
NameStart Date1End Date1SourceDataset Used (if relevent)Data ValuesCitation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics
Arctic Oscillation (AO) Jan 1950near presentNOAA/CPCNCEP R1DataRotated Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) used by Barnston and Livezey (1987, Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083-1126.
CO2 Mauna Loa (CO2 ML) Jan 1958near presentNOAA/GMDGMDDataMonthly CO2 as measured on Mauna Loa. See their doc for citation and use
CO2: Global Average (CO2 GL) Jan 1980near presentNOAA/GMDGMDDataMonthly CO2 as measured on Maula Loa. See their doc for citation and use
North Pacific Index (NP) Jan 1899near presentNCARStation DataDataNP Index Data provided by the Climate Analysis Section, NCAR, Boulder, USA, Trenberth and Hurrell (1994).
Aleutian Low - Beaufort Sea Anticyclone (ALBSA) Jan 1948near presentESRL/GSDStation DataDataALBSA index provided by NOAA/ESRL PSL. Citation coming soon.
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Jan 1821near presentCRUStation DataDataJones, P.D., Jónsson, T. and Wheeler, D., 1997: Extension to the North Atlantic Oscillation using early instrumental pressure observations from Gibraltar and South-West Iceland. Int. J. Climatol. 17, 1433-1450. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(19971115)17:13<1433::AID-JOC203>3.0.CO;2-P
Greenland Blocking Index (GBI) Jan 1851near presentU of Lincoln20CRV2c and R1DataHanna, E., T.E. Cropper, R.J. Hall, and J. Cappelen (2016) Greenland Blocking Index 1851–2015: a regional climate change signal. International Journal of Climatology, DOI: 10.1002/joc.4673.
Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) Jan 1948near presentNOAA/PSLNCEP R1DataQBO: Calculated from the NCEP/R1 30mb uwnd. Graystone, P. (1959). "Meteorological office discussion on tropical meteorology". Met. Mag. 88: 117.
Pacific North American Index (PNA)Jan 1950near presentNOAA/CPCNCEP R1DataBarnston, A.G. and R.E. Livezey, 1987: Classification, Seasonality and Persistence of Low-Frequency Atmospheric Circulation Patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083–1126,https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1083:CSAPOL>2.0.CO;2
Southern Annular Mode (SAM) Jan 1851near presentNOAA/PSL20CRV2cDataFrom Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, No.4 pages 459-462 DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900003 "Definition of Antarctic Oscillation index" Daoyi Gong, Shaowu Wang.
Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) Jan 1870near presentCRUDataRopelewski, C.F. and Jones, P.D., 1987: An extension of the Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation Index. Monthly Weather Review 115, 2161-2165.
Precipitation Time-series
NameStart Date1End Date1SourceDataset Used (if relevent)Data ValuesCitation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics
N. Sierra 8 station precipitation indexOct 1920near presentCDECCDECDataCDEC http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/precip1/8STATIONHIST
C. Sierra 5 station precipitation indexOct 1913near presentCDECCDECDataCDEC http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/precip1/8STATIONHIST
S. Sierra 6 station precipitation indexNov 1921near presentCDECCDECDataCDEC http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/precip1/8STATIONHIST
Upper Colorado Basin precipitationJan 1895near presentPSL (from NCEI data)PSLDatahttps://psl.noaa.gov/gcos_wgsp/Timeseries/UpperCOP/
Global Temperature
NameStart Date1End Date1SourceDataset Used (if relevent)Data ValuesCitation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics
Global SST/T Jan 1880near presentNOAA/PSLNASA GISTEMPDataGLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index from NASA: https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts+dSST.txt.
Global Land T Jan 1880near presentNOAA/PSLNASA GISTEMPDataGLOBAL Land Temperature Index from NASA: https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts.txt.
Global SST/T Jan 1850near presentNOAA/PSLBerkeley TDataGLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index from Berkeley: http://berkeleyearth.org/data/.
Global Land T Jan 1880near presentNOAA/PSLBerkeley TDataGLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index from Berkeley: http://berkeleyearth.org/data/.
Global SST/T HadCRUT5 Jan 1850near presentCRUHadCRUT5DataGLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index from CRU: https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/
Global T CRUTEM5 Jan 1850near presentCRUCRUTEM5DataGLOBAL Land Temperature Index from CRU https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/
Other Time-series
NameStart Date1End Date1SourceDataset Used (if relevent)Data ValuesCitation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics
NH Ice ExtentNov 1878near presentNSIDCG02135: Sea Ice Index, Version 3DataFetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. Meier, M. Savoie, and A. K. Windnagel. 2017, updated daily. Sea Ice Index, Version 3. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8.
NH Ice AreaNov 1978near presentNSIDCG02135: Sea Ice Index, Version 3DataFetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. Meier, M. Savoie, and A. K. Windnagel. 2017, updated daily. Sea Ice Index, Version 3. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8.
SH Ice ExtentNov 1978near presentNSIDCG02135: Sea Ice Index, Version 3DataFetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. Meier, M. Savoie, and A. K. Windnagel. 2017, updated daily. Sea Ice Index, Version 3. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8.
SH Ice AreaNov 1978near presentNSIDCG02135: Sea Ice Index, Version 3DataFetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. Meier, M. Savoie, and A. K. Windnagel. 2017, updated daily. Sea Ice Index, Version 3. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8.
Sunspot CountJan 1749near presentWDC-SILSOObservationsDataSIDC, RWC Belgium, World Data Center for the Sunspot Index, Royal Observatory of Belgium, `year(s)-of-data'.
SolarJan 1948near presentNOAA/NCEIDatahttps://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/f107-cm-radio-emissions
Upper Colorado Basin temperatureJan 1895near presentPSL (from NCEI data)PSLDatahttps://psl.noaa.gov/Timeseries/UpperCOT/
Lee's Ferry Natural Streamflow (upper CO Basin Streamflow) Oct 1905Dec 2015PSL (from NCEI data)PSLDatahttps://psl.noaa.gov/gcos_wgsp/Timeseries/LeesFerryFlow/
WRIT is supported in part by NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, the NOAA Climate Program Office, and the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER). WRIT contributes to the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) Initiative.