WRIT Pages: Index Time-series

Go to: WRIT Seasonal Correlation | WRIT Seasonal time-series

Information:Index time-series page are listed in the table that follow along with a link to the data values and documentation. While we attempt to keep time-series updated, some time-series may not be. More recent data may be available at the source.. Please also note that indices even for the same phenomena may not be defined the same way. As an example, some teleconnections are defined by a pattern for one season while another source may use a pattern that changes seasonally. Climatologies may differ, input datasets may differ, and so forth. Some index time-series may not be defined for all months. Users need to look at the data and documentation to determine if it is useful for them and how to interpret results. Also note that all time-series in the PSL format start in January even if the actual data doesn't start until later in year. Similarly all time-series end in December. Missing values are to fill in 12 months of values, if needed.

Citations: Time-series should be properly cited in publications. Our suggestion is to use the italicized citation follow by "Accessed [Day] [Month] [Year] from https://psl.noaa.gov/data/writ/". For example

Atlantic Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1. Accessed [Day] [Month] [Year] from https://psl.noaa.gov/data/writ/


Time-series

Ocean Time-series
NameDescriptionStart Date1End DateSource
Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM)Describes meridional variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean.Jan 1948Dec 2024 U of Wisconsin
Dipole Mode Index (DMI or IOD)A difference in SST between the east and west tropical Indian pacific ocean.Jan 1870Sep 2024 NOAA/PSL
Hurricane : Atlantic DaysNumber of days where hurricanes are active in the Northern Atlantic BasinJan 1851Dec 2022 Col St Univ
Hurricane: Atlantic ACE Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) in the Northern Atlantic Basin.Jan 1851Dec 2022 Col St Univ
Hurricane: NW Pacific Days Number of days where hurricanes are active in the Northwestern Pacific Basin.Jan 1950Dec 2021 Col St Univ
Hurricane: NW Pacific ACE Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) in the Northwestern Pacific Basin.Jan 1950Dec 2021 Col St Univ
Hurricane: NE Pacific Days Number of days where hurricanes are active in the Northeastern Pacific Basin.Jan 1971Dec 2021 Col St Univ
Hurricane: NE Pacific ACE Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) in the Northeastern Pacific Basin.Jan 1971Dec 2021 Col St Univ
North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO)A climate pattern derived from sea surface heights in the NE Pacific that is associated with fluctuations in the content of the California Current and the Gulf of Alaska. Jan 1950Aug 2024 E. Di Lorenzo
Niño 1+2 (HadISST) SST anomaly 0N-10S, 90W-80W; eastern tropical Pacific time-series.Jan 1870Dec 2024 NOAA/PSL
Niño 3 (HadISST) SST anomaly 5N-5S,150W-90WJan 1870Dec 2024 NOAA/PSL
Niño 3.4 (HadISST) SST anomaly 5N-5S,170W-120WJan 1870Dec 2024 NOAA/PSL
Niño 4 (HadISST) SST anomaly 5N-5S, 160E-150WJan 1870Dec 2024 NOAA/PSL
Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI Extended) Original MEI extended back in time using a slightly different method. It combined atmosphere/ocean variables to produce an ENSO timeseries.Jan 1871Dec 2005 NOAA/PSL
Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI V2) SST and 5 atmospheric variables are combined using EOFs of the tropical Pacific to create a single index.Jan 1979Jan 2025 NOAA/PSL
Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)Three month running mean of ERSST.v5 SST anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region, based on the 1971-2000 base period.Jan 1950Dec 2024 NOAA/CPC
Pacific Decadal Oscillation U of Washington (PDOUW) PDO is the leading EOF of monthly SSTA in the North Pacific, between 20N-70N. The NOAA OI SST V2 is used to create this version.Jan 1900Jun 2022 U of Washington
Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM)Describes meridional variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean.Jan 1948Dec 2024 U of Wisconsin
Trans-Niño Index (TNI) The TNI is an index of the east/west SST difference in the tropical Pacific ocean.Jan 1870Oct 2024 NOAA/PSL
?Tripole Index (TPI) DescriptionJan 18702015NOAA/PSL
Equatorial Central Pacific Heat Content: 160E-80WEquatorial Upper 300m temperature average anomaly based on 1981-2010 Climatology (deg C) for 160E-80W.Jan 1979Dec 2024 NOAA/PSL

Atmosphere Time-series
NameDescriptionStart Date1End DateSource
Arctic Oscillation (AO) The AO pattern is the 1st EOF of 1000mb heights north of 20N. It measures the strength of the sea level pressure within the Arctic circle. Jan 1950Aug 2024 NOAA/CPC
CO2 at Mauna Loa CO2 Measurements monthly averaged at the NOAA/GSL Mauna Loa station in Hawaii.Jan 1958Jul 2024 NOAA/GML
CO2: Global Average Global Average of CO2Jan 1979May 2024 NOAA/GML
North Pacific Index (NP) The NP Index is a measure of the Sea Level Pressure in the North Pacific Ocean. It measures long (interannual-decadal) variations.Jan 1899Oct 2024 NCAR
Aleutian Low: Beaufort Sea Anticyclone (ALBSA) An index that combines E/W, N/S 850mb differences in north Pacific/Arctic to capture troposphereic circulation variability in that regionJan 1948Aug 2024 NOAA/GSL/PSL
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is based on the surface sea-level pressure difference around the Azores and over Iceland.Jan 1658Jan 2025 NOAA/NGDC
Greenland Blocking Index (GBI) GBI is the mean 500 hPa geopotential height for the 60-80°N, 20-80°W region. It measures blocking (winds) over GreenlandJan 1851May 2015 NOAA/PSL
Reconstructed North Atlantic Oscillation (RNAO) The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is based on the surface sea-level pressure difference between the Subtropical (Azores) High and the Subpolar Low.Jan 1870Jul 2001 NOAA/PSL
Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a quasiperiodic oscillation of the equatorial zonal wind between easterlies and westerlies in the tropical stratosphere. It is typically calculated from the zonal mean 30mb winds.Jan 1948Jan 2025 NOAA/PSL
Pacific North American Index (PNA)The PNA pattern represents an alternating pressure pattern with associated changes in the East Asian Jet. Jan 1950Jan 2025 NOAA/CPC
Southern Annular Mode (SAM) Southern Annular ModeJan 1851near presentNOAA/PSL
Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) A sea-saw oscillation of surface pressure in the western Pacific. It is defined as Tahiti minus Darwin. It is strongly related to ENSO. Jan 1866Feb 2024 UEA CRU
Precipitation Time-series
NameDescriptionStart Date1End DateSource
N. Sierra 8 station precipitation time-seriesA regional time-series of the Northern Sierra's precipitation.Oct 1920Dec 2024 CDEC/DWR California
C. Sierra 5 station precipitation time-seriesA regional time-series of the Central Sierra's precipitation.Oct 1913Dec 2024 CDEC/DWR California
S. Sierra 6 station precipitation time-seriesA regional time-series of the Southern Sierra's precipitation.Nov 1921Dec 2024 CDEC/DWR California
Upper Colorado Basin precipitationA regional timeseries of the Upper Colorado River basin using Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) data.Jan 1895Dec 2019 NOAA/PSL
Global Temperature
NameDescriptionStart Date1End DateSource
NASA Global Land TemperatureGlobally averaged temperature over land using the NASA GISTEMP anomaly dataset. Land is from GHCN.Jan 1880Dec 2024 NASA
NASA Global Land/Ocean TemperatureGlobally averaged temperature land/ocean anomalies using the NASA GISTEMP anomaly dataset. Land is from GHCN.Jan 1850Dec 2024 NASA
Berkeley Global Land TemperatureGlobally averaged temperature anomalies over land from Berkeley Earth.Jan 1750Dec 2024 Berkeley Earth
Berkeley Global Land/Ocean TemperatureGlobally averaged land/ocean temperature anomalies from Berkeley Earth. Ocean is from HadSST3.Jan 1850Dec 2024 Berkeley Earth
CRU Global Land Temperature Globally averaged temperature anomalies using the CRUTEM5 land datasetJan 1850Dec 2024 UEA CRU
CRU Global Land/Ocean Temperature Globally averaged land/ocean temperature anomalies using the HadCRUT5 datasetJan 1850Dec 2024 UEA CRU
Other Time-series
NameDescriptionStart Date1End DateSource
Northern Hemisphere Ice AreaSatellite derived Northern Hemisphere sea ice area, intended for use in trend analysis.Nov 1978Jan 2025 NSIDC
Northern Hemisphere Ice ExtentSatellite derived Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent, intended for use in trend analysis.Nov 1978Jan 2025 NSIDC
Southern Hemisphere Ice AreaSatellite derived Southern Hemisphere sea ice area, intended for use in trend analysis.Nov 1978Jan 2025 NSIDC
Southern Hemisphere Ice ExtentSatellite derived Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent, intended for use in trend analysis.Nov 1978Jan 2025 NSIDC
Sunspot CountA count of observed sunspot. Observations are by eye throughout the whole time-series.Jan 1749Nov 2024 WDC-SILSO
Solar Flux (10.7cm)Observed 10.7cm average monthly Solar Flux.Jan 1948Oct 2024 NRC Canada
Upper Colorado Basin TemperatureThe time-series has the monthly temperature averaged over the Upper Colorado River Basin using the NOAA/NCEI GHCN 5km gridded dataset.Jan 1895Dec 2019 NOAA/PSL
Lee's Ferry Natural Streamflow (upper CO Basin Streamflow) The time-series has the measured streamflow at Lee's Ferry and thus represents the upper Colorado Basin streamflow.Oct 1905Dec 2017 NOAA/PSL

WRIT is supported in part by NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, the NOAA Climate Program Office, and the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER). WRIT contributes to the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) Initiative.