Ocean Time-series
Name | Start Date1 | End Date1 | Source | Dataset Used (if relevent) | Data Values | Citation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics |
Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) | Jan 1948 | near present | U of Wisconsin | NCEP R1 | Data | Atlantic Meridional Mode: Chiang, J. C. H., and D. J. Vimont: Analagous
meridional modes of atmosphere-ocean variability in the tropical Pacific
and tropical Atlantic. J. Climate,17(21), 4143-4158. |
Dipole Mode Index DMI (IOD) | Jan 1870 | near present | NOAA/PSL | HadISST1.1 | Data | From the website http://www.jamstec.go.jp/frcgc/research/d1/iod/iod/dipole_mode_index.html |
Hurricane: Atlantic count | Jan 1851 | 2016 | CSU | HURDAT2 | Data | Calculated by Phil Klotzbach from HURDAT2. Atlantic Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1. |
Hurricane: Atlantic ACE | Jan 1851 | 2016 | CSU | HURDAT2 | Data | Atlantic Hurricane ACE. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1. |
Hurricane: NW Pacific count | Jan 1951 | 2016 | CSU | Joint Typhoon Warning Center dataset | Data | NW Pacific Hurricane Count: Calculated by Phil Klotzbach from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center dataset as archived in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Knapp et al. (2010): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1 |
Hurricane: NW Pacific ACE | Jan 1951 | 2016 | CSU | Joint Typhoon Warning Center dataset | Data | NW Pacific Hurricane Ace: Calculated by Phil Klotzbach from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center dataset as archived in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Knapp et al. (2010): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1. |
Hurricane: NE Pacific count | Jan 1971 | 2016 | CSU | HURDAT2 | Data | NE Pacific Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1. |
Hurricane: NE Pacific ACE | Jan 1971 | 2016 | CSU | HURDAT2 | Data | NE Pacific Hurricane ACE. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1. |
Niño 1+2: SST 0N-10S, 90W-80W | Jan 1870 | near present | NOAA/PSL | HadISST1.1 | Data | Niño 1+2 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL |
Niño 3: SST 5N-5S,150W-90W | Jan 1870 | near present | NOAA/PSL | HadISST1.1 | Data | Niño 3 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL. |
Niño 3.4: SST 5N-5S,170W-120W | Jan 1870 | near present | NOAA/PSL | HadISST1.1 | Data | Niño 3.4 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL. |
Niño 4: SST 5N-5S, 160E-150W | Jan 1870 | near present | NOAA/PSL | HadISST1.1 | Data | Niño 4 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL. |
Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI Extended) | Jan 1871 | 2005 | NOAA/PSL | ICOADS | Data | MEI: Obtained from https://psl.noaa.gov/enso/mei/ (V1 of MEI). |
Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI V2) | Jan 1979 | present | NOAA/PSL | ICOADS | Data | MEI: Obtained from https://psl.noaa.gov/enso/mei/. |
Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) | Jan 1950 | near present | NOAA/CPC | NOAA ERSST V5 | Data | Kousky, V.E. and R.W. Higgins, 2007: An Alert Classification System for Monitoring and Assessing the ENSO Cycle. Wea. Forecasting, 22, 353–371,https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF987.1 |
Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) | Jan 1900 | near present | U of Washington | Various | Data | Nathan J. Mantua, Steven R. Hare, Yuan Zhang, John M. Wallace, and Robert C. Francis, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, June, 1997 (Vol 78, pp 1069-1079. |
Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) | Jan 1948 | near present | U of Wisconsin | NCEP R1 | Data | Pacific Meridional Mode: Chiang, J. C. H., and D. J. Vimont: Analagous
meridional modes of atmosphere-ocean variability in the tropical Pacific
and tropical Atlantic. J. Climate,17(21), 4143-4158. |
Trans-Niño Index (TNI) | Jan 1870 | near present | NOAA/PSL | HadISST1.1 | Data | From the PSL TNI webpage |
Tripole Index (TPI) | Jan 1870 | 2015 | NOAA/PSL | HadISST1.1 | Data | Henley, B.J., Gergis, J., Karoly, D.J., Power, S.B., Kennedy, J., & Folland, C.K. (2015). A Tripole Index for the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. Climate Dynamics, 45(11-12), 3077-3090.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2525-1 . Accessed on MM DD YYYY at "/data/timeseries/IPOTPI". |
Equatorial Central Pacific Heat Content: 160E-80W | Jan 1979 | near present | NOAA/PSL | GODAS | Data | From GODAS. Behringer, D.W., M. Ji, and A. Leetmaa, 1998: An improved coupled model for ENSO prediction and implications for ocean initialization. Part I: The ocean data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1013-1021 |
Atmosphere Time-series
Name | Start Date1 | End Date1 | Source | Dataset Used (if relevent) | Data Values | Citation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics |
Arctic Oscillation (AO) | Jan 1950 | near present | NOAA/CPC | NCEP R1 | Data | Rotated Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) used by Barnston and Livezey (1987, Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083-1126. |
CO2 Mauna Loa (CO2 ML) | Jan 1958 | near present | NOAA/GMD | GMD | Data | Monthly CO2 as measured on Mauna Loa. See their doc for citation and use |
CO2: Global Average (CO2 GL) | Jan 1980 | near present | NOAA/GMD | GMD | Data | Monthly CO2 as measured on Maula Loa. See their doc for citation and use |
North Pacific Index (NP) | Jan 1899 | near present | NCAR | Station Data | Data | NP Index Data provided by the Climate Analysis Section, NCAR, Boulder, USA, Trenberth and Hurrell (1994). |
Aleutian Low - Beaufort Sea Anticyclone (ALBSA) | Jan 1948 | near present | ESRL/GSD | Station Data | Data | ALBSA index provided by NOAA/ESRL PSL. Citation coming soon. |
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) | Jan 1821 | near present | CRU | Station Data | Data | Jones, P.D., Jónsson, T. and Wheeler, D., 1997: Extension to the North Atlantic Oscillation using early instrumental pressure observations from Gibraltar and South-West Iceland. Int. J. Climatol. 17, 1433-1450. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(19971115)17:13<1433::AID-JOC203>3.0.CO;2-P
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Greenland Blocking Index (GBI) | Jan 1851 | near present | U of Lincoln | 20CRV2c and R1 | Data | Hanna, E., T.E. Cropper, R.J. Hall, and J. Cappelen (2016) Greenland Blocking Index 1851–2015: a regional climate change signal. International Journal of Climatology, DOI: 10.1002/joc.4673.
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Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) | Jan 1948 | near present | NOAA/PSL | NCEP R1 | Data | QBO: Calculated from the NCEP/R1 30mb uwnd. Graystone, P. (1959). "Meteorological office discussion on tropical meteorology". Met. Mag. 88: 117. |
Pacific North American Index (PNA) | Jan 1950 | near present | NOAA/CPC | NCEP R1 | Data | Barnston, A.G. and R.E. Livezey, 1987: Classification, Seasonality and Persistence of Low-Frequency Atmospheric Circulation Patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083–1126,https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1083:CSAPOL>2.0.CO;2 |
Southern Annular Mode (SAM) | Jan 1851 | near present | NOAA/PSL | 20CRV2c | Data | From Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, No.4 pages 459-462 DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900003 "Definition of Antarctic Oscillation index" Daoyi Gong, Shaowu Wang. |
Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) | Jan 1870 | near present | CRU | | Data | Ropelewski, C.F. and Jones, P.D., 1987: An extension of the Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation Index. Monthly Weather Review 115, 2161-2165.
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WRIT is supported in part by NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Laboratory, the
NOAA Climate Program Office, and the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (
BER). WRIT contributes to the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (
ACRE) Initiative.